GENERAL PATHOLOGY. 69 



amoDg the steppe oxen and on their native pastures. Jessen 

 and Unterberger conducted the experiments, which were 

 first tried with the virus taken from a subject who had taken 

 the pest naturally; then from one so inoculated, making the 

 first remove, and so on until they obtained and used the 

 virus in the tenth remove. With great alternations of large 

 percentages of recoveries and failures ; with instances of 

 immunity in the midst of surrounding pestilence, which 

 inoculation, wherever tried, had not stayed or much amelio- 

 rated ; with a tabulated record, though on a small scale of 

 50 per cent loss with matter in the first and ninth remove, 66% 

 per cent with that in the third remove, and no loss whatever 

 with that of the second, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth 

 and tenth: it is difficult to discover any method for the 

 arrangement of such statistics and the evolvement of any 

 scientific formula. 



The impression that steppe cattle might be advantageously 

 fortified in this way, was modified by the observation that 

 inoculation must be accompanied by mild and uniform 

 weather, and followed up by careful nursing. 



The recent trial on steppe animals at Karlowka, in 1864, 

 in which of three hundred and forty-nine inoculated animals, 

 the sickness consequent upon the operation was so remark- 

 ably intense, that only ten were declared to be " not severely 

 affected," accompanied by the fact that there are in the steppe 

 regions of Southern Eussia herds among which the i)est has 

 not prevailed in ten, twenty, and in one case forty years, give 

 great force to the practical question put by Prof. Unter- 

 berger, whether sach experiences do not prove how disad- 

 vantageous under certain circumstances ^protective inoculation 

 may be even in the steppe regions. 



Jessen, whose loss in the treatment by inoculation of the 

 stock of the Grand Duchess Helena Paulowna, has been 

 reported at ninety per cent, does not pronounce so decidedly 

 against the method as his colleague, although he admits 

 great losses by inoculation with fresh matter. He sums up 

 his report with the following conclusions : 



