GENEEAL PATHOLOGY. 79. 



tion of the synonym given to it on the Continent, " Typhus 

 bourn contagiosus," or " Le typhus contagieux des betes bo- 

 vines" of the French school. 



Time will not permit us to notice all those marked symp- 

 toms and lesions of typhoid fever (in themselves very numer- 

 ous and variable) which are not to be found in the vast ma- 

 jority of cases in the Pest. We may briefly specify the 

 greater redness observed on the surface of the mucous 

 membrane in the latter disease (compare the capillary conges- 

 tion of the small bowels, P. lY. fig. I) or the engorged spaces 

 between the rugae of the caecum (PL YIII fig. I), with Pis. 

 OXII, OXIII, OXIY, of Lebert,* where the mucous surfaces 

 of the smaller bowels do not show congestion beyond ery- 

 thema ; this faint rosy or pinkish redness being a character- 

 istic of typhoid exanthemata in the smaller bowels, as con- 

 firmed by the previous exposition of Cruveilhier (Liv.7Pls.l-3). 

 This congestion quite limited to the ileum ; the deepening 

 erythema investing the solitary glands, leaving the adjacent 

 tissue almost anaemic ; the ulceration of these glands, as also 

 of those clustered in groups, (Peyer's patches or plates) start- 

 ing from within the mucous bed and inducing frequently 

 gangrene, not only opening out upon the inner surface, but 

 perforating sometimes the peritoneal coat ; the invariable en- 

 largement of the mesenteric glands and of the spleen ; to- 

 gether with infiltration and consequent solidification of the 

 lungs, previously adverted to, (p. 41) make a more marked de- 

 parture from the type of the Pest in typhoid than in typhus 

 fever. Yet, however, it must be constantly borne in mind 

 that vital depression, which is the leading characteristic of 

 what is commonly called the typhoid state in disease, is man- 

 ifest in the Pest from the first stages until convalescence is 

 established. 



The exanthematous process which shows itself, as we have 

 seen in the agminated and solitary glands, producing slight 

 rubescence, then injection, tumidity and enlargement, ordi- 

 nates the general progress of what is commonly described as 

 follicular growth. When the enlargement has reached its 



* Traite Anatomie Pathol ogique, Gen. et spec par H. Lebert. Paris, 1855-61. 



