GEOMETERS. 



s,pex 01 tne fore wings occupying almost 

 half the wing, brown-black ; the same colour 

 occupies the inner and costal margins, but is 

 mixed with yellowish markings, and therefore 

 not of so dark a hue ; the rest of the wing 

 is white or yellow-white, an elongate brown 

 blotch extending from the base of the 

 wing to the middle of this yellow space, 

 and there emitting two divaricating lines, 

 which join the brown apical space ; the 

 fringe is alternately brown and pale yellow ; 

 the hind wings have the costal portion and 

 the hind margin dark brown ; the middle of 

 the wing is pale yellow with two transverse 



The Bordered White (male), underside. 



brown lines and numerous small and irregu- 

 larly sprinkled brown spots ; the head, 

 thorax, and body are marbled with brown 

 and yellow-white. Female, orange-brown ; 



The Bordered White, female. 



the costal margin of the fore wings brown, 

 with two faint transverse bars of the same 

 colour, both of them obscure ; the first 

 crosses the wing near the middle ; the second 

 commences at the costa and crosses before the 

 middle of the wing ; the fringe is alternately 

 brown and gray-white ; the hind wings are of 

 the same colour as the fore, and have two very 

 indistinct transverse brown bands; the fringe 

 is white, slightly interrupted with white spots. 



The EGGS are oblong, and laid in a row on 

 the needles of the Scotch fir. 



The CATEEPILLAH is whitish green ; the 

 dorsal line rather broad, white; sub-dorsal line 

 pale bluish- white ; spiracular line yellow ; 

 spiracles orange; belly streaked longitudinally 



with light and dark green ; head rather large 

 in proportion to the body ; the segments are 

 conspicuously marked with pale whitish- 

 green. 



The MOTH appears on the wing in April and 

 May, and is not uncommon in fir-plantations 

 in England and Scotland ; but Mr. Birchall 

 did not find it in Ireland. (The scientific 

 name is Fidona piniaria.) 



217. The Rannoch Geometer (Fidonia pinetaria). 



217. THE RANNOCH-LOOPER. The antennae 

 are slightly pectinated in the male, simple in 

 the female; the fore wings are of a burnt-sienna 

 brown colour, having three umber-brown, 

 transverse, slightly waved lines, and between 

 the outermost of these and the hind margin 

 is a fourth transverse line slightly indicated, 

 and conspicuous only at the costal margin ; 

 the hind wings are rather paler and more 

 yellow in their hue, and have two transverse 

 lines less distinct than those on the fore wings : 

 the fringe is of the same colour as the wings, 

 as are also the head, thorax, and body. The 

 underside of the moth is of a brighter and 

 yellower colour than the upper side, and has 

 the lines more distinct. 



I have not seen the CATERPILLAR, which is 

 described by Treitsche as feeding on the 

 bilberry ; and being of a reddish tint, with 

 white stripes on the back, and a yellow stripe 

 on the sides. 



The MOTH appears on the wing in June and 

 July, and has hitherto only been found on 

 Scotch heaths, where it is abundant. (The 

 scientific name is Fidonia pinetaria.) 



218. The Frosted Yellow (Fidonia conspicuata) . 



218. The FROSTED YELLOW. The antennae 

 of the r~^i are strongly pectinated; those of 



