GEOMETERS. 



125 



markings both on the costal and inner mar- 

 gin, a white spot in the anal angle, and paler 

 as weii as darker markings on all the wing- 

 rays ; and, moreover, certain transverse gray 

 markings which alternate with the darker 

 markings on the costal as well as inner mar- 

 gin ; there is a very perceptible but not large 

 discoidal spot : the hind wings are brownish 

 gray, with a small discoidal spot, and the 

 hind margin is darker, which makes an ex- 

 treme marginal pale line very conspicuous ; 

 the fringe is alternated with two shades of 

 brown : the head, thorax, and body are gray- 

 brown, the body having the margins of the 

 segments much darker, and each terminating 

 in a delicately white and very narrow belt ; 

 the contrast of the very dark brown and pure 

 white makes this annular ornamentation the 

 more conspicuous. 



The CATERPILLAR is thus described by Mr. 

 Crewe : "rather short and stumpy, alto- 

 gether a most dumpy -looking caterpillar ; of 

 the same thickness from head to tail ; the 

 ground-colour is grass-green; the central dor- 

 sal line is dark green and slender, the tip 

 always purplish brown or purple ; the sub- 

 dorsal lines are broader, dark green, edged 

 anteriorly with pale straw-colour, and pos- 

 teriorly sometimes with purple ; the spira- 

 cular line is waved, pale yellow or straw- 

 colour ; the head is slightly bifid, and when 

 at rest, curved inwards ; it is of a dusky 

 purple colour, sometimes almost black ; the 

 segmental divisions are yellowish. It feeds on 

 the common juniper (Juniperue communis), 

 and is found full-fed from the middle to the 

 end of September." 



The MOTH appears on the wing in May, and 

 has been taken by Mr. Logan near Edinburgh, 

 bat I believe neither in England nor Ireland. 

 (The scientific name is Eupiihecia helveticata.} 



Obs. Mr. Crewe observes that this species 

 is often a month or six weeks earlier than 

 Eupithetia arceuthata; also that the cater- 

 pillar is shorter and more stumpy, and its 

 colour duller. 



269. FREYER'S PUG. The fore wings are 

 brownish gray, with four pale waved bars ; 

 three ul tUem are rather broad atid double ; 



that is to say, they are intersected throughout 

 by a slender dark line ; the fourth, nearer to 

 the hind margin, is single and zigzag; the 

 extreme hind margin is pale, and the fringe 

 is dark interiorly, and paler exteriorly ; the 

 boundary of the two tints being clearly de- 

 fined ; there is generally no very distinct dis- 

 coidal spot, but there are two longitudinal 

 series of white dots, extending from the base 

 of the wing to the third double band ; one of 

 these is about midway between the costal and 

 inner margin, the other is half-way between 

 this first and the inner margin : the hind 

 wings are brownish gray, with a short double 

 transverse bar originating at the inner mar- 

 gin, and scarcely reaching the middle of the 

 wing, and half-way between this and the hind 

 margin is a single pale bar extending entirely 

 across the wing ; the extreme margin and 

 fringe are as in the fore wings, and there is 

 a discoidal spot slightly indicated ; the head, 

 thorax, and body are gray- brown. 



The CATERPILLAR is thus described by Mr. 

 Crewe: "Short and plump, of the same 

 thickness from head to tail ; the ground-colour 

 is grass-green; the central dorsal line dark 

 green ; the subdorsal lines pale yellow, or 

 yellowish white, posteriorly dark green ; the 

 spiracular line is white or yellowish ; the seg- 

 mental divisions yellow ; the head is some- 

 what bifid, when at rest it is slightly curved 

 inwards, and invariably of a uniform dull 

 green colour ; the belly is bright green ; the 

 central ventral line is yellow, and the tip of 

 the central dorsal line always dark green ; the 

 spaces between the subdorsal and spiracular 

 lines are darker green than the rest of the 

 body. Ib feeds from the end of September to 

 the middle of November, and is seldom full- 

 fed before the middle of October; it will feed 

 on cypress if reared from the egg in confine- 

 ment, but in a state of nature it feeds on the 

 common juniper (Juniperus communis) The 

 CHRYSALIS is enclosed in a slight earthen 

 cocoon : its wing-cases are transparent yel- 

 lowish green; the thorax and body being 

 rather paler ; the tip of the body is dull red." 



The MOTH appears on the wing in May ; 

 the caterpillar has been obtained in Bucking- 



