GEOMETERS. 



177 



margin and expanding into a pale gray blotch 

 near the anal angle ; the margin itself has 

 a slender but very distinct dark brown line 

 following its sinuosities : the hind wings are 

 dingy brown, with about six transverse, waved 

 whitish lines : the head and thorax have the 

 same colour as the fore wings ; the body the 

 same colour as the hind wings, each segment 

 having a gray margin and an indication of two 

 dark spots placed transversely. 



Mr. Crewe thus describes the CATERPILLAR : 

 The ground colour is pale yellowish green, 

 with two whitish yellow central dorsal stripes; 

 there are two sub-dorsal stripes also whitish 

 yellow; the spiracular stripe is bright yellow 

 and orange ; the back and sides are occa- 

 sionally studded with a few black tubercles, 

 and always with a few short whitish hairs ; 

 the belly is destitute of markings. It feeds 

 on the common buckthorn (Rhamnus catJiar- 

 ticus), and is full-fed about the middle of 

 June, when it forms an earth, a cocoon, and 

 therein changes to a dark reddish brown 

 CHRYSALIS. 



The MOTH appears on the wing in August, 

 and the impregnated females hybernate and 

 deposit their EGGS in the spring, the males 

 being destroyed by the early frosts at the 

 approach of winter. It occurs in most of the 

 English counties, and is reported from Scot- 

 land and Ireland. (The scientific name is 

 Scotosia dubitata.) 



346. The Brown Scallop (Scotosia vetulata). 



346. THE BROWN SCALLOP. The antennae 

 we simple in both sexes ; the hind margin of 



the fore wings is slightly waved, that of the 

 hind wings scalloped ; the colour of all the 

 wings is a faded grayish-brown, thickly pow- 

 dered with excessively minute darker dots, 

 each of which generally consists of a single 

 scale ; some of these dots are so grouped as to 

 form very iudistinct, waved, transverse lines, 

 which are more distinct and spot-like on the 

 costal margin, but become obscure and diffi- 

 cult to trace on the disk of the wing ; there 

 are also two slender transverse whitish lines, 

 which seem designed to mark the limits of a 

 median band, the band itself being obsolete ; 

 between these lines is an obscure roundish 

 discoidal spot ; on all the wing-rays of both 

 fore and hind wings are pale spots or dots : 

 the head, thorax, and body, are of the same 

 colour as the wings ; the body of the male 

 has a large trifid tuft at the extremity. 



The CATERPILLAR, as described by Mr. 

 Crewe, is short and stout, and in form much 

 resembles that of the winter moth ; the back 

 and a central dorsal stripe are black, the latter 

 bordered with white ; the sides are yellow ; 

 the spiracular line is black, broken, and un- 

 connected; the spiracles are black; the head 

 is black ; the collar yellow, with a transverse 

 blackish dotted line. It feeds on the common 

 buckthorn (Rhamnus catharticus), residing 

 between two leaves which it spins together ; 

 it eats the outer cuticle of the leaf, leaving 

 the membrane bare, and is full-fed the first 

 week in June, when it descends to the 

 ground and spins an earthen cocoon, in 

 which it changes to a long and slender 

 CHRYSALIS, the body of which is tapering and 

 bright red, the divisions being dark red; the 

 wing cases are paler, and semi-transparent 



The MOTH appears on the wing at the 

 end of June, and is not uncommon in the 

 southern counties of England ; but has not 

 been reported from Scotland or Ireland. 

 (The scientific name is Scotosia vetulata.) 



Obs. Haworth invites especial attention 

 to the trifid tuft which terminates the body 

 of the male ; there are perhaps some indies' 

 tions of this character in other cognate 

 Geometers, but in this species alone is it 

 developed in roch an extraordinary manner. 



M 12 



