CUSPIDATE S. 



223 



spiracles ; the fifth segment is entirely 

 without the median white mark, its site 

 being occupied by the chestnut-brown hump, 

 and on each side of this is a somewhat 

 square spot of snowy whiteness, and entirely 

 surrounded with intense velvety black ; on 

 each side of each of the square white dorsal 

 markings is also a squarish spot of intense 

 velvety black : the back of the second, 

 third, and thirteenth segments has a trans- 

 verse series of small chestnut-coloured pro- 

 minences, emitting chestnut-coloured hairs ; 

 the belly is pale smoky-gray ; the legs 

 black; the claspers are smoky flesh-coloured. 

 This beautiful caterpillar was first found 

 by my friend, Mr. Sidney Cooper, at 

 Folkestone, feeding, as he believes, on sal- 

 low (Salix caprasa) ; afterwards by Dr. 

 Knaggs, feeding on poplar (Populus nigra?) . 

 The caterpillars spun up between leaves 

 about the middle of July, and therein 

 changed to CHRYSALIDS. 



The MOTH, like the preceding, is rarely 

 found in the perfect state. There is, or 

 was, a specimen in the British Museum, 

 and it is described both by Haworth and 

 Stephens as a British insect ; it has been 

 bred so abundantly from the caterpillars 

 found at Folkestone that it now abounds in 

 all our cabinets. (The scientific name is 

 Clostera anachoreta.) 



395. The Small Chocolate-tip (Closlcra reclusa). 



395. THE SMALL CHOCOLATE-TIP. The 

 antennae are decidedly pectinated in the 

 male, but almost simple in the female ; the 

 fore wings have the costal margin straight, 

 the tip almost square ; their colour is purple- 

 gray at the base, brown-gray and darker 



towards the hind margin ; each wing is 

 traversed by four pale transverse lines, the 

 first and second of these are united just 

 before they reach the costa, and again just 

 before they reach the inner margin ; the 

 third is bent before reaching the costal 

 margin, and then turns downwards and 

 outwards, meeting and uniting with the 

 fourth ; it also again unites with the fourth 

 near the inner margin ; the fourth is nearly 

 direct ; it commences on the costa in a con- 

 spicuous crescentic white spot ; the hind 

 wings are dark brown-gray ; the head is 

 gray, with an umber-brown crown ; the 

 thorax is gray, with an umber-brown me- 

 dian longitudinal stripe, which divides at 

 the lower end, the branches extending to 

 each side at the junction of thorax and 

 body, which latter is gray, and has a slight 

 tuft at the extremity. 



The head of the CATERPILLAR is black ; 

 the body has a very broad median gray 

 stripe down the back, in which stripe is a 

 central tubercular velvety spot on the fifth, 

 and another on the twelfth segment ; this 

 stripe also contains yellow transverse mark- 

 ings, which are very distinct on the third, 

 fourth, and sixth segments : on each side 

 of the gray median stripe is a broad, lateral, 

 smoke-coloured stripe ; the belly, legs, and 

 claspers are also smoke-coloured, and be- 

 tween the smoke-colour of the lateral stripe 

 and that of the belly is a narrower stripe, 

 composed of black and yellow spots and 

 dots, and including the spiracles : the entire 

 body of the caterpillar is slightly hairy. It 

 feeds exclusively on dwarf sallows (Salix 

 caprsea and 8. cinerea), and is double- 

 brooded ; the first brood is full-fed about 

 the 5th of July, the second at the end of 

 September ; then spinning a web amongst 

 the leaves of its food-plant, and turning to 

 chrysalis in the retreat thus fabricated, it 

 remains in that state throughout the 

 winter. 



The MOTH appears on the wing in May 

 and August. I have received it from 

 Brighton, Saffron Walden, Ipswich, and 

 Cockermouth, and I believe it is widely and 

 generally distributed both in England and 

 Ireland. (The scientific name is Clostera 

 reclusa.) 



