NOCTUAg. 



363 



by a narrow space or stripe of intense velvety 

 black ; then follows a pale stripe, which in- 

 cludes the spiracles: this is varied with yellow 

 and white, and spotted with black ; the ven- 

 tral area, legs, and clampers are smoky-pink, 

 sprinkled with black spots. At the end of 

 May these caterpillars descend to the ground, 

 and change to smooth, pale-brown CHRYSALIDS, 

 among fallen leaves and other rubbish. 



This delicately-coloured MOTH appears on the 

 wing in March and April ; it is widely, but 

 not generally, distributed in England. It has 

 been taken in Cornwall, Devonshire, Somerset, 

 Wilts, Dorset, Isle of Wight, Sussex, Surrey, 

 Kent, Essex, Berks, Gloucester, Herefordshire, 

 and Yorkshire, but is not reported in the 

 Scotch and Irish lists. (The scientific name 

 is Tceniocampa miniosa.) 



582. The Twin-Spotted Quaker (Tceniocampa munda). 



582. THE TWIN-SPOTTED QUAKER. The 

 palpi are inconspicuous ; the antennae are 

 pectinated in the male, serrated in the female ; 

 the colour of the fore wings is gray, strongly 

 suffused with ochreous, saffron or wainscot- 

 brown, and always freckled, and more or less 

 clouded with other shades of brown ; the or- 

 bicular spot is very indistinct, often imper- 

 ceptible; its ci"cumscription is pale, its median 

 area exactly of the same tint as the general 

 ground-colour of the wing ; the reniform is 

 distinct ; and its circumscription pale, its 

 median area dark, more especially at the 

 lower extremity ; there are two closely 

 approximate and very conspicuous black 

 spots on the disk of the wing nearly equi- 

 distant from the costa, hind margin, and 

 reniform spot : the hind wings are smoky-gray, 

 and almost invariably conspicuously darker 

 than the fore wings, and having a still darker 

 crescentic discoidal spot. 



The CATERPILLAR falls off its food, rolls in a 



ring, and feigns death when touched or dis- 

 turbed ; it is smooth and uniformly cylindrical. 

 The head is nearly equal to the body in dia- 

 meter, and is of a pale, very shining wainscot- 

 brown, mottled with black in the middle of the 

 face and reticulated onthecheeks. Theground- 

 colour of the dorsal surface is putty-white, 

 mottled or sprinkled and reticulated with 

 velvety black, and having an extremely narrow 

 pale medio-dorsal stripe ; and on each side of 

 the pale dorsal area is a series of small, circular, 

 pure white spots ; these are three in number 

 on each segment, and are not arranged in a 

 direct line, the middle one of each three being 

 slightly near a median line of the back than 

 either of the others ; an intensely black, 

 but not very clearly defined, waved stripe 

 extends the whole length of each side, and 

 immediately below this is a pale area, and in 

 this area are small white patches on the fourth, 

 fifth, and sixth of the segments ; the dorsal 

 surface of the twelfth segment is very dark, 

 except on its posterior margin, which is pale ; 

 the legs and claspers are pale : the anal pair of 

 claspers is spreading; the belly is smoky-gray. 

 It feeds on oak (Quercus Robur) and plum, 

 and is full-fed at the end of May. 



The MOTH appears on the wing in March 

 and April, and has been taken in most of our 

 English counties; it is common in some parts 

 of Scotland, and Mr. Birchall has taken it at 

 Killarney, in Ireland ; Mr. Greene has found 

 thechrysalidsat the roots of oaks in Gloucester- 

 shire, in October. (The scientific name is 

 Tceniocampa munda.) 



583. The Small Quaker ( Tcsniocampa cruda). 



583. THE SMALL QUAKER. The terminal 

 joint of the palpi is rather long and slender ; 

 the antenna} are strongly serrated in the male, 

 simple in the female : the fore wings are very 

 black at the tip, their colour is dingy ochreous- 

 gray, often interspersed with brighter ochreous 



