202 GRALLATORES. STREPSILAS. 



PLATE 33. Fig .1. Represents it in the summer plumage. 



General Head, neck, upper part of the breast, mantle, scapulars, 



tion. nl lesser wing-coverts, and the front half of the tail, glossy 



Summer velvet black. Under parts, lower part of the back, 



p umage. rump, basal part of the tail, and the transverse wing 



bars pure white. Quills black, with an oblong white 



spot occupying the centre of each feather near the tip, 



and the basal part of the inner web white. Bill, and 



circle round the eyes, orange-red. Irides crimson. 



Legs deep purplish-red. 



"Winter Fig. 2. In the winter plumage. Distinguished by a collar 

 plumage. of white k eneatn the throat ; the dark parts of the plu- 



mage not so intense, but more inclining to brownish- 

 black, and the bill and legs of paler hue. 



The young of the year have still more brown in the dark 

 parts, and the white is not of such unsullied purity as 

 in the adults. The feet are livid or greyish-white, 

 tinged with pink. The irides brown. The bill yellow- 

 ish-brown, tinged with orange. 



GENUS STREPSILAS, ILLIGER. TURNSTONE. 



GENERIC CHARACTERS. 



BILL as short as the head, strong, compressed, forming an 

 elongated cone : thick at the base, and narrowing gradually 

 to the point, which is horny and hard. Upper mandible 

 rather longer than the lower one ; the eulmen flattened at 

 the base, and rounded from thence to its extremity, which is 

 subtruncated. Under mandible ascending. 



Nostrils basal, lateral, linear, oblong, pervious, partly co- 

 vered above by a membrane. 



Wings long, acuminate, with the first quill-feather the 

 longest. 



