16 PISCES. 



as in the cod. The third nerve arises from the oblong medulla in the track of the 

 pyramidal body, a little behind the mammillary eminence ; it supplies all the muscles of 

 the eye, except the superior oblique and abductor, and furnishes ciliary nerves. The 

 fourth arises just behind the posterior point of the optic lobe from the roof of the 

 ventricle ; it terminates on the superior oblique muscle. The fifth arises from the 

 restiform body in the cod, and divides into several large trunks. In the skate the fifth 

 has two origins, one from the restiform body, the other from the pedicle or process of 

 the oblong medulla at the side of the cerebellum ; it divides into three distinct trunks. 

 In the cod the first trunk has two origins near to the brain ; it proceeds forward, and 

 sends a branch towards tlte nose, and terminates on the skin in its progress to the 

 snout. In the skate it has two origins, one of which passes under, and the other over, 

 the attollent and superior oblique muscles of the eye, and they join just beyond ; it 

 sends a branch to the nose, and then terminates in the skin and cellular tissue in its 

 progress to the snout. In the cod and skate large branches, compared with the second 

 and third trunks, pass to the palate and skin and muscles, and in the skate to the 

 cellular tissue ; in the cod a branch of the third trunk passes to the pendulous barb, 

 whilst in the skate it forms a ganglion at the angle of the mouth. There is a posterior 

 trunk in the cod for communicating with the trunk of the par vagum, and then with all 

 the nerves of the fins and the other spinal nerves as far as the tail ; in the skate this 

 does not exist. The sixth nerve arises from the oblong medulla, and terminates in the 

 abducent muscle. The auditory nerve in the cod arises from the restiform body near the 

 fifth, to terminate in the semicircular canals, one branch being joined by a filament from 

 one of the bundles passing to the trunk of the par vagum, for forming a crescentic nerve 

 to terminate in the sack containing the stone. In the skate the auditory nerve is a 

 portion of the fifth; it terminates on the semicircular canals and sacks of the labyrinth; 

 the branch supplying the large sack is joined by a branch of the glosso-pharyngeal, 

 which also supplies a branch to a semicircular canal. The hard portion of the seventh 

 does not exist. In the cod, one of the bundles passing to the par vagum resembles the 

 glosso-pharyngeal, and particularly as it sends a branch to join one from the auditory 

 for forming the crescentic nerve for the sack containing the stone. In the skate, the 



