AMPHIBIA. 69 



much greater than in the turtle ; but in this creature the palate is horny, 

 and not so extensive in proportion to the size of the head. 



3. Prolongation of the sympathetic connected with the trunk of the par vagum, 

 but not directly with the ganglion of the sympathetic ; it communicates with 

 the ninth nerve, then passes down the spine, and communicates with the 

 eleven superior spinal nerves ; it emerges on each side at the place the 

 superior branches of the vertebral artery enter to distribute branches in the 

 intercostal spaces ; it is continued downwards in a very fine plexiform 

 prolongation with the vertebral artery, as far as the origin from the right 

 aorta ; it then branches to each side beneath the membrane connecting the 

 viscera with the ribs and spine, and communicates with filaments of the par 

 vagum ; it is afterwards continued downwards, receiving a filament from 

 each spinal nerve ; in its course it is a very fine nerve, and has not any more 

 ganglia than the first, and those communicating with the second trunk of 

 the fifth, but, at different points from which the nerves pass to the viscera, 

 there is an appearance of a delicate plexus : this plexiform structure varies 

 in different parts, and becomes much greater about the beginning of the 

 intestine, where it resembles that corresponding with the semilunar ganglion 

 in the turtle ; near the kidney it assumes the form of a nervous membrane 

 or retina before it is distributed on the urinary and generative organs. 

 Branches pass from the plexuses with the arteries to the different viscera. 



4. Second trunk of the fifth ; after communicating with the sympathetic, and 



giving filaments to the membrane of the mouth, palate, and nose, it passes 

 out of its canal in the upper jaw, and terminates in branches on the 

 upper lip. 



5. Third trunk of the fifth ; it gives branches to the muscles of the jaws, the 



greatest portion of it then passes within a canal in the lower jaw ; it sends 

 three branches through the opening at the inferior margin of this part, two 

 of them to communicate with the branches of the par vagum and ninth 

 distributed on the muscles and parts underneath the jaw ; the other to give 

 filaments to the membrane of the mouth as far as the sheath of the tongue ; 

 the trunk is continued onwards through the foramen near the chin to divide 

 into branches and terminate on the lower lip. 



