AVES. 79 



with a branch of the second cervical nerve, to terminate on a cutaneous muscle 

 connected with the external auditory meatus and the posterior part of the face and the 

 upper part of the neck. After it has communicated with the second cervical nerve it 

 passes down and appears to communicate with the third and then with the fourth ; and 

 although the fourth communicates with the fifth, and this with the next, and so on, it 

 cannot be determined that it is through the continuation of the hard portion ; in the 

 pelican it becomes connected with several cervical nerves in the manner already 

 described, the branches of which terminate on the skin and cutaneous muscle, and 

 communicate with branches of the conjoined glosso-pharyngeal, par vagum, and ninth. 

 In the crane, after giving a branch to the digastric muscle, and communicating with 

 the second cervical nerve, the par vagum, and glosso-pharyngeal, near the junction of 

 this with the ninth, it sends a branch to terminate on a thin slip of muscle analogous to 

 the stylo-hyoideal in the goose, and then becomes connected with other cervical nerves 

 in passing down the neck. The auditory nerve arises behind the hard portion in the 

 track of the restiform body, it enters its foramen posteriorly to that of the hard portion 

 to pass to its distribution in the labyrinth of the ear. The glosso-pharyngeal arises 

 with the par vagum from the oblong medulla in the track of the restiform body, it 

 passes out in an osseous canal ; it communicates with the superior cervical ganglion of 

 the sympathetic. In the goose it gives a branch to the pharynx and oasophagus, and 

 the muscles connected with the glottis, and then passes near the lower jaw to the hyoid 

 bone, gives a branch to the cerato-maxillary muscle, and reaches towards the surface of 

 the tongue, distributing filaments as far as the tip, and communicating with branches 

 of the opposite side. In the crane it becomes united with the ninth, branches are then 

 given off as they are from the separate nerves in the goose : in the pelican it becomes 

 united with the trunk of the par vagum, and then divides into numerous branches for 

 the muscles of the fauces, the pharynx, and trachea ; a larger one accompanying the 

 long muscle, resembling the genio-hyoideal, or hyo-glossal, as far as the beak. The 

 par vagum arises with the glosso-pharyngeal from the oblong medulla in the track of 

 the restiform body, and after having communicated with the sympathetic, the glosso- 

 pharyngeal, and ninth, passes down the neck accompanied by the internal jugular vein ; 



