84 AVES. 



SYMPATHETIC NERVE. The superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic 

 nerve, in the swan, lies between and is connected with the trunk of the par vagiim and 

 the glosso-pharyngeal at their exit from their osseous canals, and is partly placed upon 

 the latter nerve ; in the pelican it is situated on the glosso-pharyngeal ; in the swan it 

 sends off a superior branch, which passes with a large artery to the orbit, and commu- 

 nicates with the second and third trunks of the fifth, and with the hard portion of the 

 seventh ; the superior branch also sends a branch beneath the slender bone of the tym- 

 panum to join the inferior branch close to the glosso-pharyngeal nerve. The inferior 

 branch passes with the internal carotid artery ; it begins by a branch passing upwards 

 from the glosso-pharyngeal nerve ; it receives a branch from the superior branch 

 passing beneath the slender bone of the tympanum, and is continued onwards and 

 receives a branch from the hard portion of the seventh ; it then divides into two 

 branches, one passes into the orbit to Harder's gland, and communicates with the first 

 trunk of the fifth ; it sends another to the posterior part of the palate and nose, which 

 in the goose communicates with the second trunk of the fifth. In the swan the 

 superior cervical ganglion sends a branch down the neck with the carotid artery ; this 

 in the pelican at the bifurcation of the carotid joins that of the other side ; it gives 

 filaments to branches of the artery, and to communicate with the prolongation of the 

 sympathetic, accompanying the vertebral artery ; at the bottom of the neck it dips 

 down between the anterior cervical muscles, and divides into two branches to join 

 the last cervical ganglion but one on each side. In the swan the superior cervical 

 ganglion then sends off the prolongation to accompany the vertebral artery ; this 

 communicates with the ninth, and then with the anterior trunk of each spinal nerve ; 

 at the bottom of the neck it emerges from the vertebral canal and is continued through 

 the thorax, and near its entrance into this begins to form a double communication with 

 the spinal nerves, one branch passing over, the other underneath, the head of each rib. 

 The ganglia are connected with the ganglia of the six dorsal nerves after the first, but 

 the rest, the cervical and the lumbar, are connected with the cervical and lumbar 

 nerves, and not with the ganglia. On separating the anterior and posterior bundles of 

 one of the largest spinal nerves, the sympathetic appears to communicate quite as 



