AYES. 87 



the par vagum, but several of the nerves vary in different classes, and correspond 

 more or less in particular kinds of each ; in the goose some nerves continue more 

 separate in their course, and supply distinct muscles, similar to those in the turtle ; 

 and in the pelican and crane are more connected, and furnished to muscles which are 

 very much interwoven with each other. 



The nerves differ from those in mammalia in the clearer connection of part of the 

 optic nerve with the optic lobe. In the different distribution of the branches of the 

 fifth on a greater proportion of hard parts, or the thin or membranous coverings of 

 these, instead of thick fleshy ones, and in the less defined smaller portion. In the 

 varying size of the different trunks, according to the parts furnished by them, but 

 particularly in the branch of the third given to the mylo-hyoideal muscle and the skin 

 and membrane of the fauces, it being very large in the pelican, smaller in the crane, 

 and much less in the goose. It differs in the absence of the branch of the third trunk 

 forming the gustatory nerve. In the less extensive distribution of the hard portion 

 of the seventh, and its connection with cervical nerves, and not with branches of the 

 fifth in the face and throat and neck ; its supplying however cutaneous muscles in 

 these parts, as well as the digastric and one arising from the lower jaw, which is 

 inserted into the hyoid bone and may be compared with the stylo-hyoideal. In the 

 larger proportionate size of the glosso-pharyngeal nerve to the par vagurn in some 

 instances, its supplying the superior glottis in the same manner as the superior 

 laryngeal in mammalia ; it sends off a branch to furnish the cerato-maxillary muscle, 

 which then rejoins the nerve, and passing forwards, gives branches all along the 

 surface of the tongue, communicating towards the anterior part freely with branches 

 of the opposite nerve. In the upper larynx and trachea, not being supplied by the 

 par vagum, and a greater proportion of the recurrent terminating on the oesophagus 

 and crop ; in the conjunction of almost the whole of each trunk into one cord below 

 the lungs, nearly like that in the snake; and its termination either on a gizzard or 

 fleshy stomach. The ninth varies according to the difference of the parts it usually 

 furnishes in mammalia ; in the goose it supplies the long muscle on the side of the 

 trachea, the hyo-laryngeal, the trachea, the hyo-glossal, and lingual. It may be a 



