AYES. 89 



Nerves are furnished from the lumbar and sacral for the lower extremities, and 

 numerous small caudal nerves for the parts about the cloaca and tail. In the crane 

 and pelican, branches of the cervical nerves are observed to communicate with those 

 of the pharynx and the descending branch of the hard portion. In passing down the 

 neck in the crane, the par vagum adheres to the cervical nerves by very fine filaments, 

 but in the pelican, although there is a similar approximation, communicating filaments 

 could not be recognized ; it is most probable, therefore, that in the crane they may 

 be mere expansions of neurilema. 



The sympathetic nerve has many remarkable points of difference : the superior 

 cervical ganglion is not so distinct in the swan and goose as in the pelican, but in the 

 pelican it is more impacted in the glosso-pharyngeal nerve ; the disposition of its 

 branches is however similar. It sends off a superior branch to communicate with the 

 hard portion of the seventh, and with the second trunk of the fifth close to the 

 connection of this with the third- trunk, and to give filaments to the lachrymal glands. 

 The inferior branch passes with the internal carotid artery, and in the swan commu- 

 nicates again with the hard portion, sends a branch into the orbit to supply Harder 's 

 gland and join the first trunk of the fifth, and sends another branch forward to 

 communicate with the second trunk of the fifth, and accompany the arteries of the 

 palate and nose ; in the pelican, the inferior branch does not appear to communicate 

 with the hard portion, but to join the branch of the third nerve given to the inferior 

 oblique muscle of the eye, and then supply Harder's gland and become connected 

 with the first trunk of the fifth, and furnish a branch to the palate. The cervical 

 portion of the sympathetic may be compared with that of the snake in its not having 

 a cord or prolongation accompanying the trunk of the par vagum, it, however, 

 corresponds in some measure also with that of the turtle, for in the swan a branch is 

 continued down the neck with each carotid artery, and in its course communicates 

 several times with its fellow. In the pelican the carotid artery is a single trunk 

 dividing into two at the upper part of the neck, a branch passes from the superior 

 cervical ganglion with each of these, and becomes united into one near then- bifur- 

 cation ; it gives off branches for the supply of the carotid artery, and to communicate 



N 



