140 MAMMALIA. 



cervical ganglion of the sympathetic. In the ass, it adheres to and gives filaments to 

 the membraneous pouch connected with the posterior part of the fauces. It supplies 

 the stylo-pharyngeal muscle and the pharynx, and becomes connected with the 

 pharyngeal plexus, which is much less intricate in animals than in man. It then 

 passes forwards, distributing branches to the tonsils and membrane between the 

 epiglottis and tongue, and terminates on the posterior part of the surface of the tongue. 

 The variation in the proportion of the glosso-pharyngeal nerve to the tongue is not 

 generally very remarkable in different animals, but in the jaguar only one small branch 

 was traced to the membrane on the outer edge of the posterior part of the tongue. 

 In the porpoise it arises near the upper part of the restiform body : it is near the size 

 of that in man ; on emerging from the cranium, it sends a large branch downwards 

 to the bifurcation of the carotid artery into the internal and external, where it forms 

 a ganglion which is joined by a branch from the par vagum ; it resembles that portion 

 of the pharyngeal plexus sent to the external carotid artery in man, and is probably 

 for a similar purpose. The nerve itself then passes forwards and gives a branch to a 

 broad muscle connected with the styloid process and pharynx, and may be the stylo- 

 pharyngeal ; it then gives filaments to the muscles of the pharynx, and terminates in 

 the membrane of this passage connected with the base of the tongue. 



The par vagum arises from the involuntary centre near the restiform body. In the 

 calf, goat, and ass, it soon sends off a branch to join the hard portion. In the jaguar, 

 dog, pig, and rabbit, there is a ganglion near the place at which the superior laryngeal 

 nerve arises. In many others, as the monkey, calf, ass, and Cashmere goat, there is 

 an intricate disposition of some of the fibrils of the nerve about the origin of the 

 superior laryngeal, but not a distinct fleshy ganglion. A nerve is not in all animals fit 

 for its destination just after leaving the brain, but in many instances requires to have 

 some change effected in the disposition of its fibrils, and particularly at the departure 

 of its branches, and this change may be effected by a fleshy ganglion in some instances, 

 and a thready interchange of fibrils in others, either of which disposition becomes a 

 modified but similar means for suiting the peculiarities of each animal. In the pig, the 

 superior laryngeal nerve gives a branch to the pharynx and the crico-thyroideal muscle, 



