144 MAMMALIA. 



the sympathetic ; these communicate and terminate on the pharynx. In the ass, some 

 filaments, from the prolongation of the sympathetic, after its connection with the trunk 

 of the par vagum, are also given to the pharynx. In the dog, a communication takes 

 place between the ninth, the accessory, the par vagum, and the glosso-pharyngeal, and 

 from this and the superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic, and the descending 

 portion of the ninth, branches are given to form the pharyngeal plexus ; the superior 

 laryngeal nerve is given off by itself, a little below this, from the ganglion of the par 

 vagum, and sends a branch to the crico-thyroideal muscle. In the jaguar, the pharyn- 

 geal plexus is formed from the glosso-pharyngeal, the conjoined par vagum and acces- 

 sory, and filaments from the superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic ; the lower 

 part of the pharynx also receives branches from the superior laryngeal nerve. In the 

 pig, the pharyngeal plexus is formed of a branch of the glosso-pharyngeal nerve, a 

 broad expansion from the conjoined par vagum and accessory, and a branch from the 

 superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic. Some variation exists in the formation of 

 this plexus, on account of the difference of the par vagum and the connection between 

 this and the sympathetic ; it terminates principally in branches on the pharynx ; it 

 sends some on the branches of the carotid artery to supply their coats ; also to the 

 salivary glands, but these sometimes rather appear as if they proceeded from the 

 superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic, and only communicated with this plexus. 

 The ninth arises from the larger portion of the intermediate layer, at the side of 

 the pyramidal body; it passes out, in two or three bundles, which unite, and then 

 communicate more or less with the trunk of the par vagum and the sympathetic ; in the 

 ass, there is not a communication with the par vagum as in man, but there is with the 

 superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic ; in the calf, there is not a communication 

 with the par vagum. In the jaguar, the ninth is large in proportion to the size of the 

 gustatory nerve, as well as of the tongue ; probably the difference arises from the great 

 length of the muscles passing from the hyoid bone and lower jaw to the tongue ; in the 

 pig, as well as in the jaguar, it becomes strongly united with the par vagum and acces- 

 sory ; but it appears to be principally, if not altogether, by dense cellular membrane. 

 The descending branch, except in the baboon and monkey, is usually more slender than 



