U>0(>.] PUBLIC DOCUAIKNT— Xo. 83. 121 



occurred above ground. This in some cases has resulted in 

 local injuries to the trunk or in the loss of a few limbs, 

 which has been responsible for completely ruining the sym- 

 metry of many valuable specimens, while in other instances 

 many plants have died back to the ground. Some of the 

 plants which have been affected in this way are as follows : 

 Japanese maples, sycamore and Norway maples, apple, 

 peach, plum, cherry, quince, grape vines, Japanese clematis, 

 matrimony vine, roses, Forsythias, California privet, Amor- 

 pha fruticosa, Callicarpa purpurea and Americana, Ampel- 

 opsis tricuspidata, Deutzia scabra and gracilis, Diervilla 

 florida-candida, Catalpa bungei, Exochorda grandiflora, 

 Hibiscus syriacus, Magnolia tripetala, Lonicera japonica- 

 halliana, Stephanandra flexuosa, Viburnum tomentosum, 

 Tamarix tetrandra, Rhus semialata and ^sculus pavia. 



Among the native plants may be mentioned the pine, ash, 

 oak, white birch, alder, spice bush and holly. We ob- 

 served large clumps of white birch and alders winter-killed 

 aljove ground. The winter-killing of branches and twigs 

 often occurs on young Japanese maples, especially where ex- 

 posure is severe or when not given the best cultural condi- 

 tions ; and the young twigs of Norway and sycamore maples 

 and horse-chestnuts have been quite susceptible to winter- 

 killing of late. The killing of the buds and wood occurred 

 in forsythias, peach and roses. Much of this winter-killing 

 of branches, etc., is generally followed by an outbreak of 

 Nectria cinnabarina and Schizophyllum. 



As previousl}^ stated, the winter of 1903-04 was extremely 

 severe in the amount of root killing which took place. The 

 trees showing injury were the apple, pear, peach, quince, 

 cherry, plum, white pine, red and rock maples, butternut, 

 ash, oak and elm. Among shrubs, vines, etc., were the 

 grape, raspberry and blackberry. 



Many of the exotic ornamental plants suffered in the same 

 way, such as, for example, the deutzias, California privet, 

 etc. ; in fact, many of the native and exotic species showed 

 killing both above and below ground. The trees which 

 have shown root killing the worst are apples, red maples, 

 butternuts and pines. The effects of the winter-killing of 



