THE MARGUERITE FLY. 47 



ments, therefore, were designed merely to test Mr. Sanders's results. A 

 solution of 1 part of "Black Leaf 40" in 400 parts of water killed the 

 eggs and the larvae readily, as Mr. Sanders has pointed out, and a large 

 proportion of the newly formed pupse. A solution of 1 part of "Black 

 Leaf 40" in 200 parts of water killed a large proportion of the older pupae. 

 The addition of whale-oil soap did not seem to give any better results. 



The "Black Leaf 40," which is a concentrated solution of nicotine 

 sulfate, containing 40 per cent, active nicotine, is manufactured by the 

 Kentucky Tobacco Product Company, Louisville, Ky. It is sold in f, 

 2| and 10^ pound cans, and may be obtained direct from the man- 

 ufacturers, if it cannot be obtained from a near-by dealer. 



" N'ico-Fwne " Liquid. 



Mr. W. R. Nicholson of Framingham was referred to the writer, by 

 Prof. E. A. Wliite of the Department of Floriculture, as one who in all 

 probabilitj' was in a position to furnish information regarding the pest. 

 The writer took the opportunity soon after to consult Mr. Nicholson. 

 According to Mr. Nicholson, who grows marguerites on a large scale, the 

 insect was \evy troul^lesome in his houses a few years ago. Wliile experi- 

 menting with various methods and materials in an effort to control it he 

 tried "Nico-Fume" Liquid as a spray, and found it effective. He has 

 experienced little or no trouble from the insect since he has been systemati- 

 cally using this liquid. 



Mr. Nicholson dilutes the "Nico-Fume" in water from about 430 to 

 450 times, using a cupful — a cup which the manufacturers provide — 

 to 3 gallons of water, and spraj^s regularly once a week. He begins spray- 

 ing even before there are any indications of the presence of the insect, 

 preferring to get the start on them rather than have the insect get the 

 start on liim. He sprays not only against the Marguerite Leaf Miner 

 with the material at this strength but also, his other plants as well, 

 against aphids. In fact, he is using it as general spray more against aphids 

 and other soft-bodied insects than against the Marguerite Miner, which 

 is of little or no consequence in his houses now. Mr. Nicholson has found 

 no occasion to add soap to the solution. 



"Nico-Fume" Liquid, like "Black Leaf 40," is a nicotine solution con- 

 taining 40 per cent, active nicotine, and is prepared by the same manu- 

 facturers. It may also be obtained in the same way. It is sold in I pint, 

 pint, 5 gallon, and gallon cans. 



" Nicoticide." 



Mr. Nicholson has also used "Nicoticide" at the same strength and in 

 the same way as the "Nico-Fume" Liquid, with equally good results. 



"Nicoticide," like the "Black Leaf 40" and the "Nico-Fume" Liquid, 

 is a nicotine solution. It is manufactured by the P. F. Palethrope Com- 

 pany, Owensboro, Ky. It may be had in ounce, | pint, pint, and gallon 

 cans. 



