REPORT OF CRANBERRY SUBSTATION FOR 1914. 113 



ber 4, after sixteen days of submergence, while others were kept sub- 

 merged for twenty-five days, until November 13. On both dates it was 

 found that all the worms which had been in the glass tubes were dead, 

 while most of those taken from the pond were aUve and capable of crawl- 

 ing actively soon after they were taken from their cocoons. The results 

 of this test led to the suspicion that the worms in the tubes had died 

 because of the extreme stagnation of the water, while those in the pond 

 had perhaps been kept alive by air thrashed into the water by the wind. 



A third lot of tests was started on November 12, two of the long glass 

 tubes used in the previous tests being submerged in an upright position 

 in a pond, netting sacks containing fruit worms in their cocoons being 

 tied inside the tubes and also outside of them at different depths ranging 

 from 9 to 61 inches. One tube was taken from the water on December 15 

 and the other on December 22. Of the 23 worms submerged with the 

 former tube, the 6 outside ones were all livelj', while 8 of the 17 inside 

 were dead. Of the 21 worms submerged until the 22d, the 5 outside were 

 all very much alive, while 3 of the 16 inside were dead. The tubes got 

 dragged badly by the ice just before the first one was taken from the 

 water, and most of the cocoon-containing sacks attached to the outside 

 were torn from both, one being left with each. On the whole, the worms 

 endured this prolonged submergence remarkably well. The stagnation 

 of the water inside the tubes seemed to harm them somewhat. 



From these and other submergence tests, it was learned that the fruit 

 worm in its cocoon has great ability to resist drowning aside from any 

 protection provided by the cocoon. The cocoons completely filled with 

 water in about five daj'S, so that the worms within them were entirely 

 surrounded by it, there being no air bubble left to help keep them alive. 



Water Movement in Peat. 



As a part of the general study of cranberry bog drainage and irrigation, 

 it seemed desirable to learn sometliing about the rate of the passage of 

 water through peat, as compared with its movement in other soils. For 

 this purpose, on May 25, 12 holes 3 feet deep were dug 8 feet apart in the 

 station bog, in a hne running straight across a section 96 feet wide, those 

 at each end of the hne being located 4 feet from the ditch. Stakes were 

 driven in these holes, and levels from wliich to measure the rise and fall 

 of the water in each were carefully determined and marked upon them. 

 In the latter part of May and in June and July observations and records 

 were made, in connection with the vertical movement of the water in 

 these holes, whenever the bog was being flooded or drained. 



The record of May 29 is given here in full, it being fairly representative. 

 In the morning, the ditches surrounding the section in which the holes 

 were dug were comparatively empty, no standing water being visible in 

 any except the large main ditch. The water level in one of the two middle 

 holes (hole No. 7) was taken just before the bog pump was started at 

 9.30 A.M. and was found to be 97.16, as measured from a benchmark the 



