COMBATING APPLE SCAB. 33 



blossoms before the winter spores are discharged. Observations of the 

 writer indicate that most growers who fail to control scab apply the pink 

 spray too late in the season. 



In some places a pre-pink spray is used in order to make certain that the 

 fungicide is on the leaves before the scab spores are discharged. Ex- 

 plained in the most simple terms, this means setting the pink spray ahead 

 from seven to ten daj's. It is a spray applied approximately midway 

 between the delay ed-dormant and the pink. At that time most of the 

 cluster buds are still closed, and a few onl,y of the most advanced blossom 

 buds show slight amounts of pink. Tables IV, V and VI, plots 7 and 9, 

 show that the series of plots on which the pre-pink spray was applied 

 yielded exceptionally high percentages of both clean and marketable 

 fruit. 



If the orchardist were positive that the pink application could be made 

 before the discharge of the winter spores, it would be unnecessary to 

 use a pre-pink spray. The pre-pink apphcation is intended primarily to 

 eUminate this uncertainty connected with the pink treatment. The cost 

 of the spra}^ material at this application is a small item, as the arsenate 

 and nicotine are omitted. As this application has been tested one year 

 only in this State, the writer hesitates to recommend it to the small 

 orchardist. To any orchardist who has three or more days of spraying 

 at the pink application, it is to be recommended without hesitation. 



Home-made Bordeaux and Lime-Sidfur. 



A 3-10-50 home-made Bordeaux mixture used alone for all applica- 

 tions russeted the fruit and burned the foHage so badlj^ that its use in 

 this way will be discontinued. Foliage burn due to the Bordeaux was 

 not evident until the latter part of the season. 



For two years, a 3-10-50 home-made Bordeaux mixture for the pink spray, 

 followed by a 1-50 liquid lime-sulfur for the calyx and succeeding sprays, 

 has given the most satisfactory results. From Tables IV, V and VI it will 

 be seen that this combination in Sabine's orchard produced 98 per cent 

 marketable fruit, but fell slightlj^ lower than some of the other plots in 

 clean fruit. In the Knights and Frost orchards it produced 100 per cent 

 marketable fruit. 



Some of the fruit sprayed with the Bordeaux-liquid lime-sulfur com- 

 bination described above was russeted slightly. The writer questions 

 whether this was caused by the Bordeaux at the pink spray or by natural 

 conditions, as about the same amount of russeting occurred on some of 

 the unsprayed trees. Also, no russeting occurred on similarly treated 

 plots in 1921. The russeting was slight and did not injure the sale of 

 the fruit except where the apples were sold to a fancy trade. In 1921 

 lime-sulfur burned the blossom buds badly. 



A test was made to determine if dry lime-sulfur used with home-made 

 Bordeaux mixture was as effective for the control of scab as the liquid 

 form. Tables IV, V and VI, plots 2 and 3, show that the dry form was 

 practically as good as the liquid, except in the Sabine orchard, where for 



