9 



It is almost impossible to give the cost in labor of other items, such as 

 hauling and storing, because the work is done so intermittently that the amount 

 of time required per bushel or the amount of work done in a day is difficult 

 to estimate. 



A tabulation of the average or most common expenditures for the various 

 items entering into the costs of marketing will serve as a summary. 



Operations Cost per Bushel 



Picking $ .10 



Sorting, grading and packing .13 



Container .23 



Hauling from orchard .02 



Hauling to station .05 



Hauling to market .15 



Selling .19 



Typical costs of marketing apples hauled to market $ .87 



Storage .23 



Hauling from storage .05 



Typical costs $1.15 



The study leads to certain definite conclusions. 



1. Sale to country buyers is the least profitable method of sale. 



2. It pays the grower to grade his apples. How closely this may profitably 

 be done depends, obviously, upon the character of the crop. 



3. Sales on commission returned, to the growers reporting, the highest 

 average prices and the highest average margins over costs of marketing. These 

 sales were made in some cases throughout the season, thereby taking advantage 

 of the season of highest prices. The 10,000 bushels sold cooperatively were in 

 this group. Some other methods, e.g., sale to eounti'y buyer, dispose of the 

 crop early in the season, when prices are likely to be low. 



