38 N1--\V VORK ZODLOGICAI, SOCIHTY. 



Of these various sources of income, the first is usually 

 greater than all the others combined. None of the gardens of 

 Eurojie, save the Jardin des Plantes, are e\er opened to the 

 free admission of the public, even on one day in each year. 

 The only concession granted to the public is a reduction of the 

 regular admission fee ou certain days, usually holidays only, 

 but in London this rule applies to Saturdays, also. 



In Europe, where labor costs less than in America, it is 

 possible to maintain a zoological garden for a smaller annual 

 charge than would be possible here; but, for all that, it will in- 

 variably be found that the cleanest and most beautiful gardens 

 have the greatest number of employees, and the largest and 

 grandest gardens are those which cost the most money for annual 

 maintenance. The following figines show the annual cost for 

 maintenance of the institutions named : — 



Garden at Berlin $137, "iOO 



•' Antwerp i;56,M)() 



" " Amsterdam lO-l.OOO 



" " London 100,000 



" " Cologne 70,800 



" " Rotterdam G5,04O 



" " Philadelphia 50,000 



" " Hanover 42,000 



Park at Washington, D. C .lO.OOO 



Jardin des Plantes, Paris 20,000 



In ever}' garden on the Continent of Europe, the patronage 

 of the great restaurant and concert hall creates a privilege of 

 considerable value to the society owning it. In Berlin, the 

 lease of the restaurant yields the society $10,000 a year, and 

 hereafter the price is to be S15,000 per annum. This, of course, 

 implies an amount of restaurant patronage quite unknown in 

 American places of recreation of an educational character. 

 Until public eating and drinking in great crowds becomes a 

 popular form of amusement, and one on which our people can 

 and will spend money lavishly, American zoological gardens 

 nuist look for maintenance to other sources than from an ex- 

 tremely large and convival membership. 



Result of the Systicm of Closed Gardens in Europe. 

 — As might naturally be expected as the result of having no 



