rOLyPODIACEAE (FERN FAMILY) 41 



short-Stalked, rigid (1-6 dm. long) ; pinnae broadly lanreolate-scythe-shaped, 

 acute, the loxoest short-triangidar, strongly auricled on the upper side, spimdose- 

 dentate ; sori biseriate, at length subconfluent. {Aspidium Sw.) — Hocky (calca- 

 reous) woods, Gulf of St. Lawrence ; and from Niagara Falls, Ont., to L. Superior, 

 westw. and north w. (Eu.) 



* * Fronds hipinnate. 



3. P. Braiinii (Spenner) F^e. Fronds ovate- or oblong-lanceolate (4-9 dm. 

 long) tapering to a very short-stiped base ; pinnules ovate or oblong, obtuse, 

 tnincate and almost rectangular at base, short-stalked, or the upper confluent, 

 sharply toothed, beset with long and soft as well as chaffy hairs. {Aspidium 

 aculeatum, var. Doll.) — Rich, mostly upland woods, Nfd. to N. Y., and 

 L. Superior. (Eu.) 



14. ASPIDIUM Sw. Shield Fern. Wood Fern 



Fronds tufted. 1-o-pinnate ; veins simple or branched. Sori orbicular, borne 

 on the back of the scarcely modified fertile frond. Indusium reniform or, if 

 orbicular, exhibiting a di.stinct narrow depression or sinus at one side, although 

 centrally attached. Stipes not articulated at the base. (Name from dawidioy, 

 a small shield, from the shape of the indusium.) Nephrodium Rich. 



a. Veins simple or once forked ; fronds not evergreen ; stipes and slender 

 root stocks nearh' naked. 

 Lowest pinnae scarcely smaller than the middle ones. 



Fertile veins once forked 1. A. Thelypteri^, 



Fertile veins simple 2. A. simulatum. 



Lower pinnae gradually decreasing in size, the lowest very small . 3. A. noveboracense. 

 a. Veins, at least the lowest, more than once forked ; fronds mostly ever- 

 gi'een ; stipes and rootstocks scaly b. 



6, Pinnae 4<)-6n, small. 4-S mm. broad 4. A. fragrarm. 



b. Pinnae fewer, 12-!^ti) mm. broad c. 



c. Frond bipinnatiiid or bipinnate (or sub-tripinnatifid near the base). 



Sori marginal . . 5. A. rnarginale. 



Sori not marginal. 

 Basal scales lance-linear, caudate-attenuate . . . .- 6. .4. Filix-mas. 

 Basal scales ovate-oblong to deltoid. 

 Basal scales firm, shining, dark chestnut-colored . . 1. A. Goldianum. 



Basal scales thin, dull, membranous, light brown. 

 Indusium glandular-puberulent. 

 Lobes of frond with incurved teeth; sori L5-L8 mm. 



in diameter . . . . (9) ^. a-istatum, var. Clintonianum. 



Lobes with spreading teeth ; sori 1-1.2 mm. in diameter. 8, A. Boottii. 

 Indusium glabrous. 

 Frond conspicuously narrowed at the base . , . 9. .4. criataium. 

 Frond scarcely or not at all narrowed at the base. 

 Lobes incurved-serrate . . .(9) A. cri8tatum,\&v. Clinionianum. 



Lobes spinulose-dentate 10. ^. spinulosum. 



C. Fronds tripinnate or tripinnatifid d. 

 d. Fronds tripinnatifid. 



Basal scales large, lance-oblong, dark brown (10) A. apinulosum, var. dilaiatum. 

 Basal scales small, deltoid- ovate, light brown. 



Indusium glandless (10) A. fiiiinnloHiim. 



Indusium glandular-puberulent . . (10) A. npinuJoftnm, \a.v. intermedium. 

 d. Fronds tripinnate (10) A. spiiiolu,sum, var. concordianum. 



1. A. Thelypteris (L.) Sw. Fronds pinnate, lanceolate in outline; pinnae 

 horizontal or slightly recurved, linear-lanceolate, deeply pinnatifid ; lobes 

 oblong, entire, obtuse or appearing acute when in fruit from the strongly rfvo- 

 lute margins; veins forked, bearing the (numerous and soon confluent) fi-uit 

 dots near their middle; indusium minute, smooth and naked. (Xephrodium 

 Strempel ; Dryopteris Gray.) — Marshes; common. Aug. (Cosmop.) Forma 

 Puffer A E (A. A. Eaton) Robinson is a form with pinnae variously forked 

 at the tip. 



2. A. simulatum Da venp. In habit similar to the preceding; veins simple; 

 fruit dots few (.3-10 on each lobe) ; indusium glandular-ciliolate. {Dryopteris 

 Daven]\) — Boggy woods, etc., Me. to Vt. and ^Id. ; reported from Mo. 



3. A. noveboracense (L.) Sw. Fronds pinnate, lanceolate in outline, rrtp?/- 

 ing both way x from the middle; pinnae lanceolat?, the lowest 2 or more pairs 



