PINACEAE (pine FAMILY) 65 



1. L. laricina (DuKoi) Koch. (American or Black L., Tamarack, 

 Hackmatack.) Leaves 1-2.5 cm. long; cones ovoid, 1.2-2 cm. long, of few 

 rcunded scales. {L. amerfcana Michx.) — Chiefly in cold swamps, Lab. and Nfd. 

 to n. Pa., n. Ill, centr. Minn., and far northw. — A slender tree (8-30 m. high), 

 with hard and very resinous wood. 



2. L. DECiDCA Mill. (L. europaea DC), with longer leaves and larger cones. 

 is often cultivated, and occasionally established, as in Ct. {Bissell). (Introd. 

 from Eu.) 



3. PiCEA Link. Spruce 



Sterile flowers on branchlets of the preceding year ; anthers tipped with a 

 rounded recurved appendage, their cells opening lengthwise. Cones maturing 

 the first year, becoming pendulous ; their scales thin, not thickened nor prickly- 

 tipped, persistent. — Leaves scattered, needle-shaped and keeled above and below 

 (4-sided), pointing every way. Otherwise nearly as in P/^iZis. (The classical 

 Latin name of a pine. ) 



1. P. canadensis (Mill.) BSP. (White or Cat S.) Branchlets glabrous; 

 leaves slender, pale or glaucous ; cones cylindrical, about 5 cm. long, deciduous^ 

 the thin scales with an entire edge. (P. alba Link.) — N. S. and N. B. to N. Y., 

 L. Superior and northw. — A handsome tree (l;3-4o m. high), in aspect resem- 

 bling the Balsam Fir. 



2. P. rubra (DuRoi) Dietr. (Red S.) Branchlets ^mhescent ; leaves 

 mostly slender, 12-15 mm. long, usually acute or acutish, dark green or yelloicish 

 green; cones elongated-ovoid, mostly 3-4 cm. long, clear brown or reddish broicn, 

 the scales rounded, entire or slightly erose. (P. ruhens Sarg. ; P. australis 

 Small.) — Rocky upland woods, Nfd. to Pa., s. in the AUeghenies to Ga., w. to 

 Minn., and northw. — A valued timber tree, 20-35 m. high. 



3. P. mariana (Mill.) BSP. (Black or Bog S.) Branchlets pubescent; 

 leaves short and thickish, mostly 6-10 (rarely 13) mm. long, pale bluish green, 

 with strong whitish bloom ; cones short-ovoid or subglobose, 2-3 cm. long, dull 

 grayish brown, persisting for several years ; the scales more decidedly erose, 

 rounded or often somewhat narrowed toward the apex. (P. nigra Link ; P. 

 brevi folia Peck.) — Cold bogs and mountain slopes, Kfd.toN. J., along the Great 

 Lakes and northw.— Chiefly a low tree (8-12 m.) rarely attaining 30 m. in 

 height. 



4. P. Abies (L.) Karst. (P. excelsa Link), the Norway S., often cultivated 

 as a shade tree, and now established (ace. to Bissell) at several places in Ct., 

 has subglabrous branchlets, slender sharp-pointed dark green glossy leaves, and 

 large cones (1-1.5 dm. long). (Introd. from Eu.) 



4. ABIES [Tourn.] Hill. Pre 



Sterile flowers from the axils of last year's leaves ; anthers tipped with a 

 knob, their ceils bursting transversely ; pollen as in Pinus. Cones erect on the 

 upper side of spreading branches, maturing the first year ; their thin scales 

 and bracts deciduous at maturity. Seeds and bark with balsam-bearing vesicles. 

 — Leaves scattered, sessile, flat, with the midrib prominent on the whitened 

 lower surface, on horizontal branches appearing 2-ranked. (The classical Latin 

 name.) 



1. A. balsamea (L.) Mill. (Balsam or Balm-of-Gilead F.) Leaves 

 narrowly linear, obtusely pointed or retuse (1-3.2 cm. long) ; cones cylindrical 

 (0-10 cm. long ; 2-3 cm. thick), at first violet-colored ; the bracts obovate. serrulate, 

 tipped with an abrupt slender point, shorter than the scales. — Damp woods and 

 mt. swamps, Nfd. to Pa., along the mts. to Va., w. to centr. la., and northw. — 

 A slender tree or at high elevations a low or prostrate shrub. 



2. A. Fraseri (Pursh) Poir. Leaves narrowly linear, commonly retuse ; bracts 

 of the cones dentate or ero.se-lacerate on the margin, often emargiuate and 

 bearing a slender cusp at the apex, longer than the scales. — Mts. of Va., 

 and N. C. 



okay's manu.al — 5 



