TYPHACEAE (CAT-TAIL FAMILY) 67 



1. T. occidentalis L, (Arbor Vitae, White Cedar.) Leaves appressed- 

 iinbricated in 4 rows on the 2-edged branchlets ; scales of the cones pointless ; 

 seeds broadly winged all round. — Swamps and cool rocky banks, e. Que. to 

 Pa., along the mts. to N. C, west to Minn, and Man. — A tree 10-20 m. high, 

 with pale shreddy bark, and light, soft, but very durable wood. 



9. JUNIPERUS [Tourn.] L. Juxiper 



Flowers dioecious, or occasionally monoecious, in very small lateral catkins. 

 Anther-cells 3-6, attached to the lower edge of the shield-shaped scale. Fertile 

 catkins ovoid, of 8-6 fleshy coalescent scales, each 1-ovuled, in fruit forming 

 a sort of berry, which is scaly-bracted underneath, bluish-black with white 

 bloom. Seeds 1-3, ovate, wingless, bony. Cotyledons 2. — Evergreen trees or 

 shrubs. (The classical name.) 



§ 1. OXYCEDRUS Spach. Catkins axillary; leaves in whorls of Z^ free and 

 jointed at base, linear-subulate, prickly-pointed, channeled and white- 

 glaucous above. 



1. J. communis L. (Common J.) Arborescent, 2-4 m. high ; leaves thin, 

 straight, long and relatively narrow (12-21 mm. in length, 1.5 mm. broad at 

 the base), wrdely spreading, grayish beneath, needle-pointed ; berry subglobose, 

 6-8 mm. in diameter. — Dry soil, e. Mass. (where rare) to Pa., ]\Ian., and 

 south w. in the mts. to N. C. and N. Mex. (Eu.) 



Var. depressa Pursh. Decumbent, forming large mats, 3-10 dm. high and 

 often several m. in diameter ; leaves 8-13 mm. long, straight or nearly so, sharp- 

 pointed and with a white stripe beneath ; berrj^ 6-10 mm. in diameter. {J com- 

 munis, var. canadensis Loud.; var. alpina Man. ed. 6, in part.) — Common in 

 poor, rocky soil, pastures, etc., Nfd. to Ct., along the Great Lakes and 

 north westw. 



Var. montana Ait. Very depressed and trailing ; leaves short and relatively 

 broad, curved, subappressed, 6-9 mm. long, 1.6-2 mm. broad, short-pointed, 

 with a conspicuous white stripe beneath, (Var. alpina Gaud.: J. nana ^Villd.) 

 — Exposed rocky places, coast of n. Mass. (where doubtful) to ^'fd. ; also in the 

 Rocky Mts. and Alaska. (Eurasia.) 



§ 2. SABIXA Spach. Catkins terminal ; leaves mostly opposite, sometimes 

 awl-shaped and loose, sometimes scale-'haped. appressed-imbricated and 

 crowded, the latter with a resiniferous gland on the back. 



2. J. horizontalis Moench. A procumbent, prostrate, or sometimes creeping 

 shrub; scale-like leaves acutely cuspidate; berry on short recurved peduncles, 

 6-10 mm. in diameter. {J. Sabina. var. procumbens Pursh.) — Rocky or sandy 

 banks, borders of swamps, etc.. Nfd. to N. E., N. Y., n. Minn., and northw. — 

 ./. Sabina L., the Savin of Europe, has its scale-like leaves obtuse and more 

 closely appressed. 



3. J. virginiana L. (Red Cedar or Savin.) From a shrub to a tree 

 15-25 m. high, pyramidal in form ; scale-like leaves obtu.se or acutish, entire; 

 berries on straight peduncles, about 6 mm. in diameter.— Dry hills or deep 

 swamps, s. Me., westw. and southw. —Bark shreddy, and heart-wood red and 

 aromatic. 



TYPHACEAE (Gat-tail Family) 



Marsh or aquatic herbs, with nerved and linear sessile leaves, and monoecious 

 flou'ers on a spadix, destitute of proper floral envelopes. Ovary 1-celled, with 

 persistent style and elongated 1-sided stigma ; cell 1-ovuled. Frait nut-like. 

 Seed su.spended, anatropous ; embryo straight in copious albumen. Root 

 perennial. 



