CYPERACEAE (SEDGE FAMILY) 197 



straic-color to reddish-broion ; achenes 2.5-3 mm. long; bristles whitish 

 (E. gracile, var. paucinervium Engelm. ; E. paucinervium A. A. Eaton.) — 

 Swamps and bogs, Nfd. to Ont., s. to N. J. and 111. Fr. July, Aug. 



0. E. angustifblium Koth. Culms 2-G dm. high, slender, obtusely angled ; 

 basal leaves broad, condupUcate above the middle; cauline leaves fev::, stiff, flat 

 at base, 1.5-15 cm. long, 1.5-4 mm. broad, scabrous on the margins; spikelets 

 2-10, mostly on stout glabrous or glabrate peduncles (0.5-7 cm. long), i)i 

 anthesis ovoid. 1-2 cm. long, in fruit 2.5-4. 6 cm. long; scales lead-color to 

 castaneous, 4-10 mm. long, the nerveless tip membranous ; anthers 2.5-5 mm. 

 long; achenes 2.7-3.5 mm. long; bristles bright white. (E. polystachion L., 

 in part.) — Cold bogs, Arctic Am., s. to Nfd., N. S., N. B., Me., L. Superior, 

 etc. Fr. June, July. (Eura.sia.) Var. majf* Scbultz. Stout and tall 

 (3-9 dm.) ; the leaves 4-8 mm. broad. — South to Me., Ont., 111., Wise, la., etc. 

 (Eurasia.) 



7. E. viridi-carinatum (Engelm.) Fernald. Culms 2-9 dm. high ; leavei^ 

 flat except at tip, 2-G mm. wide ; spikelets 3-30, on slender simple or forked 

 minutelii hairy peduncles, in anthesis slender-ovoid. 6-10 mm. long, in fruit 

 1.5-3 cm. long ; scales greenish-drab to lead-color, the prominent often scabrous 

 midrib extending to the tip; anthers 1-1.25 mm. long; bristles ichitish or pale 

 buff. (E. polystachion of mo.st Am. authors.) — Bogs and wet meadows, Nfd. 

 to Sask. and B. C, s. to Ct., N. Y. . O.. Mich.. Wis., and said to extend to Ga. 

 Fr. May-Aug. Var. Fellowsii Fernald. Spikelets all sessile. — Local, Me. 

 and Mass. 



8. E. virginicum L. Culms loiry, terete below, trigonous above, smooth, 

 4-12 dm. high ; leaves flat, stiff, elongate-linear, ivith close sheaths, the upper- 

 most 1-2.5 dm. long, 1.5-4 mm, wide; involucral bracts somewhat divergent. 

 spikelets mostly crowded in a dense glomeriile. in anthesis 6-10 mm. long, in 

 fruit 1-2 cm. long ; scales with strongly striate-ribbed greenish or strav'-colored 

 body and thin nerveless red-brown margin ; bristles tawny or copper-color. — 

 Bogs and meadows, Nfd. to Ont. and Minn., s. to Ga. Fr. Julv-Sept. Var. 

 ALBUM Gray. Bristles ichitish. — Ct. and N. Y. 



11. FUIRENA Rottb. Umbrella Grass 



Spikelets many-flowered, terete, clustered or solitary, 

 axillary and terminal. Scales imbricated in many ranks, 

 awned below the apex, all floriferous. Perianth of 3 ovate 

 or heart-shaped petaloid scales, mostly on claws, and usu- 

 ally with as many alternating small bristles. Stamens 3. 

 Style 3-cleft. Achene triangular, pointed with the per- 

 sistent base of the style. — Culms from a usually perennial 

 root, obtusely triangular. (Named for G. Fuiren, a Danish 

 botanist.) 



1. F. squarrosa Michx. ^4;i«?/aZ, 0.5-3 dm. high ; stems 

 glabrous ; leaf-sheaths more or less hispid ; spikelets 2-8 ; 

 perianth-scales narrowly to broadly oblong or ovate, long- 

 stipitate and attenuate to a long retrorsely barbed awn; 

 barbed bristles usually exceeding the yellow-brown achene, 

 which is equaled by the persistent style. (Var. pumila 

 Torr.) — Sandy shores and swamps, ]\i[ass. to Fla. : Mich. 306. F. squarrosa. 

 and Ind. Aug. -Oct. Fig. 300. 



2. F. hispida Ell. Perennial; stem (2.5-8 dm. high) leafy; leaves and 

 sheaths densely hairy; spikelets ellipsoid (0.-5-1.2 cm. long), bristly with the 



spreading awns of the scales ; perianth-scales rhombic or deltoid- 

 orate, with a sliort thick smooth tfnnninal awn or point, the inter- 

 posed mostly barbed bristles shorter than the yellow achene, which 

 is twice as long as the persistent style. {F. squarrosa, var. 

 307. F. hispida. Chapm.) — SandV wet places, N, J. to Fla. and Tex., n. in the 

 Fruit X 2%. low country to Ky. and I. T. July-Oci. Fio. 307. 



