CYPERACEAE (SEDGE FAMILY) 



235 



about 3 ; pistillate 2-5 ; perigynia gradually beaked ; scales 

 very broad and Jcaf-like^ (rntArdy enveloping the spike. (C. 

 dAirifolia Bailey.) — Dry rocky or sandy wooded slopes, e. Que. 

 to Assina. and B. C, locally s. to Mass., N, Y., the Great Lake 

 region, Neb., and westw. May-,July. Fig. 440. 



90. C. Willdenbwii Schkuhr. Similar, 

 softer and paler; leaves 1.5-4 mm. wide; 

 spike compact ; pistillate flowers 3-9, stami- 

 nate 6-12 ; perigynia with a rougher beak; 

 scales chaffy, nerved, as broad as and some- 

 what longer than the pei'igyiiia, or the 

 loioest rarely overtopping the S2nke. — Rocky 

 woods, Mass. to Mich., and southw., local. 

 May-July. Fig. 441. 



91. C. Jamesii Schwein. Similar ; leaves 

 1-2 mm. wide, much surpassing the culm ; 441. C. WilldenowiL 

 spike very small ; staminate flowers 8-20 ; 



pistillate 1-3 and loosely disposed ; perigj^nia produced into a very long and 

 roughened nearly entire beak ; scales narrow, the loicest often elongate^ the 

 upper often shorter than the perigynia. — Woods, N. Y. and Ont. 

 to Mo., and southw.; frequent. May, June. Fig. 442. 



92. C. scirpoidea Michx. Strict, the pistillate plant mostly 

 stiff, 1-7 dm. high; staminate plant smaller; 

 leaves flat, shorter than the culm; sjjike 1.5-4 

 cm. long, densely cylindrical, very rarely with a 

 rudimentary second spike at its base ; perigjaiia 

 ovoid, short-pointed, very hairy, exceeding the 

 ciliate purple scales. — Arctic regions, s. by 

 cold streams and in alpine districts to Cape 

 Breton, N. S., n. N. E., n. N. Y., L. Huron, 

 Rocky Mts., etc. June-Aug. (Eurasia.) Fig. 



440. C. Backii. 



o. 



442. C. Jamesii. 



443. C. scirpoidea. 



443 



93. C. umbellata Schkuhr. Low and con- 

 spicuously caespitose, forming dense mats ; 

 leaves rather stiff, 0.5-4.5 dm. lon^ 1-4.5 mm, 

 wide ; culms mostly short and crowded at the base 

 of the leaves, or some elongate (rarely 2 dm,), 

 bearing either staminate or pistillate spikes, or both ; 

 pistillatespikes 0.5-1 cm. long, mostly sessile ; peri- 

 gynia plump, stipitate, pubernlent, 3.2-4.7 mm. 

 long, the slender beak nearly equaling the ellipsoid- 

 ovoid to subglobose body, and about equaled by 

 the acuminate green or purple-tinged scales. {C. deflexa, var. 

 media B?ii\ey and \2iT. FarweUii Britton.) — Dry 

 sandy or rocky soil, P. E. I. to centr. Me., w. to 

 Sask. and B. C, s. to N. J., D. C, and I. T. Apr.- 

 July. Fig. 444. Var. tonsa Fernald. Similar ; 

 perigynia glabrous or merely puberulent on the 

 angles of the long beak. — Local. Fio. 445. 

 Var. brevir6stris Boott. Perigynia smaller, the 



445. C. umb., 

 V. tonsa. 



446. C. umb., 

 V. brev. 



444. 0. umbellata. broad beak about | as long as the hairy body. — Que. to Sask. 



and B. C, s. to n. N. E., N. Mex. and Cal. Fig. 



446. 

 94. C. nigro-marginata Schwein. Leaves mostly stiffer, often 

 2-4 dm. long, 2-4 ram. wide ; some of the culms prolonged ; 

 perigynia smooth or nearly so, fusiform, 3-4 mm. long; scales 

 ordinarily purple-margined, giving the spikes a very dark or 

 variegated appearance, equaling or exceeding the perigynia. — 

 Dry sandy or rocky soil, on the coastal plain, extending locally 447. C. nigro. 

 n. to Ct. Apr.-June. Fig. 447. margiuata. 



