JUGLANDACEAE (WALNUT FAMILY) 331 



pinnate leaves of many serrate leaflets. Pith in plates. (Name contracted 

 from Jovis gla?is, the nut of Jupite^. ) 



1. J. cinerea L. (Butternut, White W.) Leaflets 7-17, oblong-lanceo- 

 late, pointed, rounded at base, downy especially beneath, the petioles and 

 hranchlets downy with clammy hairs ; fruit ellipsoid^ clammy^ pointed, the nut 

 deeply sculptured and rough with ragged ridges, 2-celled at the base. — Rich 

 woods, N. B. to the mts. of Ga., w. to Ont., " Dak.," e. Kan. and Ark. — Trunk 

 16-30 m. high, with gray bark, widely spreading branches, and lighter brown 

 wood than in the next. 



2. J. nigra L. (Black W.) Leaflets 11-17 (-" 28"), ovate-lanceolate, taper- 

 pointed, somewhat heart-shaped or unequal at base, smooth above, the lower 

 surface and th.Q petioles minutely downy ; fruit spherical^ roughly dotted, the 

 nut corrugated, 4-celled at top and bottom. — Rich woods, w. Mass. to Fla., w. 

 to Ont., Minn., and Tex. —A large and handsome tree, with rough dark bark 

 and valuable purplish-brown wood. ^ 



2. CArYA Nutt. Hickory 



Stamens 3-10 ; filaments short or none, free. Fertile flowers 2-5 in a cluster or 

 short spike, on a peduncle terminating the shoot of the season ; calyx 4-toothed; 

 petals none. Stigmas sessile, 2 or 4, large, papillose, persistent. Fruit with a 

 4-valved firm and at length dry exocarp (involucre), falling away from the 

 smooth and crustaceous or bony cndocarp or nutshdl, which is inccnnpletely 

 2-celled, and at the base mostly 4-celled. — Fine timber-trees with hard and 

 very tough wood, and ^caly buds, from -which in spring are put forth usually 

 both kinds of flowers, the sterile below and the fertile above the leaves. Nuts 

 ripen and fall in October. (Kapi^a, an ancient name of the Walnut.) Scoria 

 Raf. (1808); Hicorius Raf. (1817); Hicoria Raf. (1836). 



§ 1. Sterile catkins fascicled (no common peduncle or sometimes a very short one) 

 from separate lateral scaly buds near the summit of shoots of the preceding 

 year; bud-scales feio ; fruit elongated; the thin-shelled nut 2-celled below; 

 seeds sweet ; leaflets short-stalked^ numerous. 



1. C. illinoensis (Wang.) K., Koch. (Pecax.) IMinutely downy, becoming 

 nearly smooth ; leaflets 9-17, oblong-lanceolate, tapering gradually to a slen- 

 der point, falcate, serrate; nut olive-shaped. (C. olivaeformis Nutt. ; Hicoria 

 Pecan Britton.) — River bottoms, s. Ind. to la., e. Kan., Tex., and Ala. — 

 A large tree (25-50 m. high), with delicious nuts. 



§ 2. Sterile catkins in threes {rarely more) on a common peduncle from the axil 

 of an inner scale of the common hud, therefore at the base of the shoot of 

 the season^ lohich, then bearing 3 or 4 leaves, is terminated by the fertile 

 flowers; fruit globular or ovoid; nut 4:-celled at base; leaflets sessile or 

 nearly so. 



* Bud-scales numerous, about 10, successively inwrapping, the inner ones accres- 

 cent, becoming thin and membranaceous and rather tardily deciduous; 

 husk of the fruit splitting p7\pmptly into 4 more or less thick and ichen dry 

 hard or woody valves ^ seed sweet and deliciotis. (The Hickory Nuts of 

 the market.) 



2. C. ovata (Mill.) K. Koch. (Shell-bark or Shag-bark H.) Bark of trank 

 shaggy, exfoliating in rough strips or plates ; inner bud-scales becoming large 

 and conspicuous, persistent till the flowers are fully developed ; leaflets 5-7, 

 when young minutely downy beiieath, flnely serrate, the three upper obovate- 

 lanceolate, the lowpr pair much smaller and oblong-lanceolate, all taper-pointed ; 

 fruit globular or depressed ; nut ichSe, flattish -globular, barely mucronate, the 

 sheU thinnish. (C alba Nutt.; Hicoria ovata Britton.) — N. E. and w. Que. 

 to north shore of L. Huron, e. Minn., Tex., and Fla. — A large and handsome 

 tree (20-28 m. hish, or more), yielding the principal Hickory Nut of the 

 markets. Hicoria carolinae-septentrionalis Ashe appears to be merely a small- 

 fruited extreme of this species. 



