332 BETULACEAE (bIRCH FAMILY^ 



3. C. lacinibsa (Michx. f.) Loud. (Big Shell-bark, King Nut.) Bark, 



etc. , as in no. 2 ; leaflets 7-9, more downy beneath ; fruit ovoid, 4-ribbed 

 above the middle, the husk very thick ; nut large (8-5 cm. long) and usually 

 angular, dull white or yellowish, thick-walled, usually strongly pointed at both 

 ends. (C. sulcata Nutt.; Hicoria laciniosa Sarg.) — Centr. N. Y. and Pa. to 

 s, Ind., la., e. Kan., and I. T. — Trunk 20-30 m. high, or more, in rich soil of 

 bottom lands. 



4. C. dlba (L.) K. Koch. (Mocker Nut, White-heart H.) Bark close, 

 rough, but not shaggy nor exfoliating on old trunks ; catkins, shoots, and lower 

 surface of the leaves tomentose when young, resinous-scented ; leaflets 7-0, 

 lance-obovate or the lower oblong-lanceolate, pointed ; fi'uit globular or ovoid, 

 with a very thick and hard husk ; nut globular, not compressed, 4-ridged tovard 

 the slightly pointed summit, brownish, very thick-shelled, 2.5 cm. in diameter 

 or smaller. (C. tomentosa Nutt.; Hicoria alba Britton.) — E. Mass. to n. 

 shore of L. Erie, e. Neb., and s. to the Gulf. — Tree 20-30 m. high, usually on rich 

 upland hillsides. A species not to be confused with C. alba Nutt., which is 

 now to be called C. ovata. 



5. C. microcarpa Nutt. With rough close bark, small ovoid buds, and the 

 glabrous foliage, etc., of no. 7 ; fruit small, subglobose, with rather thin husk ; 

 nut thin-shelled, not angled. {Hicoria Britton ; H. glabra, var. odorata Sarg.; 

 H. borealis Ashe ?) — " Que." and e. Mass. to Del., Mich., and Mo. 



** Bud-scales numerous or few ; husk of the fruit thin and, rather friable at 

 maturity, ^-valved oifly to the middle or tardily to near the base ; seed more 

 or less bitter. 



-s- Bark of trunk exfoliating in long strips. 



6. C. aquatica (Michx. f.) Nutt. (Bitter Pecan.) Bud-scales few, sub- 

 valvate ; leaflets 0-15, falcate-lanceolate, attenuate, serrate, of firm texture; 

 nut strongly compressed and sharply angled; seed very bitter. {Hicoria 

 Britton.) — River vswamps, Va. to s. Ill, Mo., Tex., and Ela. 



•«- -t- Bark not exfoliating. 



7. C. glabra (Mill.) Spach. (Pignut or Broom H.) Bud-scales nearly 

 as in no. 4, but smaller, caducous ; shoots, catkins, and leaves glabrous or nearly 

 so ; leaflets 5-7, oblong- or obovate-lanceolate and taper-pointed, serrate ; fruit 

 pear-sliaped to ovoid; nut (3-5 cm. long) icith thick bony shell; the oily 

 seed at first sweet in taste, then bitterish. {C.porcina Nutt.; Hicoria glabra 

 Britton.) — Dry woodlands, s. Me. to Fla., w. to Ont., Minn., e. Neb., and 

 Tex. —Tree 20-30 (rarely 37) m. high. Passing to 



Var. villbsa (Sarg.) Robinson. Petioles, rhachises, and peduncles sordid- 

 villous ; the lower surface of the leaflets mostly paler, covered with broader and 

 more numerous peltate scale-like glands. (Hicoria glabra, var. Sarg. ; H. vil- 

 losa and H. pallida Ashe.) — Va. to Mo. and south w. 



8. C. cordif6rmis (Wang.) K. Koch. (Bitter Nut or Swamp H.) Scales of 

 the small yellowish buds about 6, valvate in pairs, caducous in leafing ; catkins 

 and young herbage more or less pubescent, soon becoming almost glabrous ; 

 leaflets 7-11, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate ; fruit turgid-ellipsoid, narrowly 

 6-ridged ; nut turgid, smoothish, shallowly reticulate-sulcate, globular, short- 

 pointed, white (barely 2.5 cm. long), thin-walled, with slender-conical beak and 

 persistent expanded stigma ; seed at first sweet-tasted, soon extremely bitter. 

 (C. amara Nutt, ; Hicoria minima Britton.) — Rich woods, w. Que. and N. E. to 

 Fla., li. shore of L. Huron, Minn., e. Neb., and Tex. — Tree 15-30 m. higli ; 

 JRisk and shell thinner and less hard than in other species. Kocli, who first 

 transferred Juglans cordiformis Wang, to (7«7'2/a, confused other material with it, 

 but the binomial technically rests on the plant of VVangenheim. 



BETULAcEAE (Birch Family) 



Monoecious {rarely dioecious) trees or shrubs, luith alternate simple straight- 

 veined leaves and deciduous stipules; the sterile flowers in catkins, the fertile 



