EANUNCULACEAE (CEOWFOOT FAMILY) 403 



2. C. ligusticifolia Nutt. Verj- similar, but the leaves 5-foliolate or quinate- 

 ternate ; lealieis Siiiail. 1.5-4 cm. broad, pale green, tliickish, ol Uriii texture. — 

 Mo. (^Bush), Neb., and w. lo the Pacitic. 



§ 2. VIOUXA Reiclienb. Flowers large, solitary on long peduncles, tisually 

 nodding. Sejyals thick, erect and connivent at base, mostly dull purple. 

 Petals none. Anthers linear. 



* Stems climbing; leaves at least in part pinnate ; calyx (and foliage) gla- 



brous or puberulent. 



H- Tails of fruit plumose. 



3. C. Vi6rna L. (Leather Flower.) Calyx ovoid and at length bell- 

 shaped ; the purpli.sh sepals (2-3 cm. long) very thick and leathery, icholly con- 

 nivent or oni}' the tips recurved ; long tails of the fruit very plumose ; leaflets 

 3-7, ovate or oblong, sometimes slightly cordate, 2-3-lobed or mtire, not reticu- 

 lated; uppermost leaves often simple. (0. glaucophylla and C. flaccida Small.) 



— Rich soil. Pa. to Mo., and southw. May-Aug. 



4. C. Addisonii Britton. Suberect, 6-9 dm. high ; leaves all or many of 

 them simple, sessile, broadly ovate, deep green above, glaucous beneath, obtuse, 

 the later ones pinnate with prehensile petiolules and elliptic ovate leaflets ; 

 flowers and fruit as in C. Viorna. — Alluvial soil, Va. (Addison Brown), X. C, 

 and Tenu. x C. viorxioides Britton is intermediate between this and C. 

 Viorna. 



5. C. versicolor Small. Climbing, glabi-ous or nearly so ; leaves pinnate ; 

 leaflets oval, reticulated; sepals lanceolate, glabrous on the outer surface, 

 sli2;htly recurved at the tip; acheues with plumose tails. — Dry ledges, Mo. 

 (Bush), and Ark. (according to Small). 



-(- ■*- Tails of fruit silky or glabrate. 



6. C. Pitcheri T. & G. Calyx bell-shaped ; the dull purplish sepals with 

 narroio and slightly margined recurved points ; tails of the fruit Jiliforni and 

 naked or shortly villous; leaflets 3-9, ovate or somewhat cordate, entire or 3- 

 lobed. much reticulated; uppermost leaves often simple. (C. Simsii of auth., 

 not Sweet according to Gray.) — S. Ind. to Neb. and Tex. June. 



7. C. crispa L. Calyx cylindrical below, the upper half of the bluish-purple 

 sepals (2.5-4 5 cm, long) dilated and widely spreading, with broad and icavy 

 thin margins; tails of the fruit silky or glabrate ; leaflets 5-9, thin, varying 

 from ovate or cordate to lanceolate, entire or 3-5-parted. (C. cylindrica Sims.)« 



— Va. near Norfolk, and south w. May-Aug. 



* * Low and erect, mostly simple ; flowers solitary, terminal; leaves sessile or 



nearly so, undivided, strongly reticulated. 



8. C. ochroleuca Ait. Leaves broadly ovate, entire or sometimes 3-lobed, 

 silky beneath; sepals yellowish within ; peduncles long ; tails of the fruit tawny- 

 plumose, the achenes nearly symmetrical, 3.5 mm. broad. — Copses, s. N. Y. to 

 Ga. ; rare. May. 



9. C. ovata Pursh. Very similar in habit ; leaves narrowly ovate, entire, 

 glabrate; sepals purplish; achenes obliqw, 4-5 mm. broad, their silky tails 

 irhite or nearly so. — Dry slaty hillsides. White Sulphur Springs, W. Va. to 

 S. C. 



10. C. Frem6ntii "Wats. Leaves crowded, thick, often coarsely toothed, 

 sparingly villous-tomentose ; peduncles very short ; tails villous or glabrate, not 

 plumose. — Mo., Neb., and Kan. 



§3. ATRAGENE DC. Some of the outer filaments enlarged and more or less 

 petal oid ; peduncles bearing single large flowers; the thin sepals widely 

 spreading. 



11. C. verticillaris DC. Woody-stemmed climber, almost glabrous ; leaves 

 trifoliolate, with slender common and partial petioles ; leaflets ovate or 

 slightly heart-shaped, pointed; flower pinkish-pttrple, 5-7.5 cm. across; tails 

 of the fruit plumose, 5 cm. long. (Atragene americana Sims.) — Rocky 



