104 RANUNCULACEAE (CROWFOOT FAMILY) 



woods, chiefly in calcareous districts, e. Que. to Hudson B. and L. Winnipeg, 

 locally s. to Del., Va., W. Va,, Mich, and Minn. May, June. 



10. ISOPYRUM L. 



Sepals 5, petal-like, deciduous. Stamens 10-40. Pistils 3-6 or more, pointed 

 with the styles. Pods ovate or oblong, 2-several-seeded. — Slender smooth 

 perennial herbs, with 2-3-ternately compound leaves ; the leaflets 2-o-lobed. 

 Flowers axillary and terminal, white. (From iaowvpov, the ancient name of a 

 Fionaria.) 



1. I. biternatum (Raf.) T. & G. Petals none ; filaments white, club-shaped ; 

 pistils o-(3 (commonly 4), divaricate in fruit, 2-o-seeded ; seeds smooth. — 

 Moist shady places, s. Ont. (Dearness) to Minn., and southw. May. — Fibers 

 of the root thickened here and there into little tubers. 



11. CALTHA [Rupp.] L. Marsh Marigold 



Sepals 5-9, petal-like. Pistils 5-10, with scarcely any styles. Pods (folli- 

 cles) compressed, spreading, many-seeded. — Glabrous perennials, with round 

 and heart-shaped or kidney-form large leaves. (An ancient Latin name for 

 the common Marigold.) 



1. C. paliistris L. Stem hollow, furrowed, not creeping ; leaves round or 

 kidney-shaped, either crenate or dentate or nearly entire ; sepals broadly oval, 

 bright yellow. — Swamps and wet meadows, Nfd. to Sask., s. to S. C, Tenn., 

 and Xeb. Apr.-June. Often called incorrectly Cowslips; used as a pot-herb 

 in spring, when coming into flower. (Eu.) Var. flabellif6lia (Pursh) 

 T. & G. is a weak slender form (not creeping) , with open reniform leaves and 

 smaller flowers (2 cm. broad or less), occurring in cold mountain springs, N. Y. 

 to Md, Var. radicans (Forst.) Hartm. is a decumbent or procumbent form, 

 creeping at the base, usually more slender and smaller-flowered than the typi- 

 cal form. — Arctic Am. and (according to Rydberg) in swamps near Woodlawn 

 and W. Hampton, N. Y. (Boreal Eurasia.) 



2. C. natans Pall. Stems commonly floating ; leaves ovate-reniform, thin, 

 subentire ; flowers small (1-1.2 cm. broad); sepals lohite or pinkish; carpels 

 numerous (3 mm. long), in a globose head. — In ponds or on muddy shores, 



ji. Minn., and northwest w. June-Sept.. 



12. TROLLIUS L. Globeflower 



Sepals 5-15, petal-like. Petals small, 1-lipped, the concavity near the base. 

 Stamens and pi.stils numerous. Pods 9 or more, many-seeded. — Smooth peren- 

 nials with palmately parted and cut leaves, like Banunculus, and large solitary 

 terminal flowers. (Name a latinization of Troll from Trollhlume, the Germanic 

 vernacular designation.) 



1. T. Idxus Salisb. (Spreading G.) Leaves 5-7-parted ; pale greenish-yel- 

 low sepals 5-0, spreading ; petals 15-25, inconspicuous, much shorter than the 

 stamens. — Deep swamps, w. Ct. to Del., Pa., and Mich. ; Rocky Mts. May. 



13. C6pTIS Salisb. Goldthread 



Sepals 5-7, petal-like, deciduous. Petals 5-7, small, club-shaped, hollow at 

 the apex. Stamens 15-25. Pistils 3-7, on slender stalks. Pods divergent, 

 membranaceous, pointed with the style, 4-8-seeded. — Low smooth perennials, 

 with ternately divided root-leave.s, and small white flowers on scapes. (Name 

 from KbirreLv. to r^it, alluding to the divided leaves.) 



1. C. trif51ia (L. ) Salisb. Rootstocks of long bright yellow bitter fibers; 

 leaves everL'reen, shining; Icnflets 3, (tbovate-wedgc-forni, sharply toothed, 

 obscurely 3-iobed ; scape nuked, slender, 7-13 cm. liigh, 1 (rarely 2)-riowered. - 



