526 LEGUMINOSAE (I'ULSE FAMILY) 



Peduncle -veil developed. 

 Flowers 1-6, tiny (2-4 mm. long); seeds 2-4 ; annuals. 



Pods glabrous, 4-seeded 4. F. tetrasperma. 



Pods hairy, 2-seeded b. V. hirstUa. 



Flowers usually more numerous, larger; perennials except no. 10. 

 Smooth or merely appressed-pubescent perennials. 

 Flowers 6-l'2 mm. long. 



Flowers 2-8; seeds 4-6 . 6. F. ludoticiana. 



Flowers more numerous ; seeds 6—12. 



Flowers 1-1.2 cm. long, blue and purple 7. V. Cracca. 



Flowers barelj' I cm. long, white, the keel tipped with blue . . 3. F. carotin iana. 



Flowers 1.5-l.S cm. long 9. F. umcricana. 



Villous aimual or biennial 10. F. viUona. 



1. V. SATivA L. (Spring V.) Annual (or winter-annual), pj/^e-scen^, becom- 

 ing glabrate ; the stein simple or branched at base ; leaves essentially uniform ; 

 leaflets 4-8 pairs, oblong to oblong-obovate, truncate to emarginate and mucro- 

 nate at apex, l.o-o cm. long, 5-13 mm. broad; flov'ers chiefly in twos in the 

 upper axils, 2-Zcm. lonrj, showy, purple and rose-color; calyx 1-1.5 cm. long; 

 pod pubescent when young, torulose, 4-8 cm. Jong, 7-8 mm. wide. — Cultivated 

 for forage in eastern Canada and occasionally elsewhere, and sonjetimes persist- 

 ing or spreading to waste ground. July, Aug. (Introd. from Eurasia.) 



2. V. AXGusTiFOLiA (L.) Rcichard. (Commox V.) Similar, glabrous or 

 glabrate ; leaflets 2-5 (rarely (3) pairs, those of the lower leaves oblong and trun- 

 cate, of the upper linear- to lance-attenuate, mucronate, 1.5-8 cm. long. 1-4 mm. 

 broad; Jlowfrs smaller (1-1.8 cm. long) ; calyx 7-11 mm. long; pod 4-5.5 cm. 

 long, 5-7 mm. wide, less torulose. — Gravelly waste places, chiefly eastw. May- 

 Sept. (Xat. from Eu.) Var. skgetalis (Thuillier) Koch. Leaflets of the upper 

 leaves truncate or emarginate and mucronate at apex, oblong to oblong-obovate, 

 2-8 mm. broad. {V. sativa Man. ed. 6, not L.) — Roadsides, waste places, etc., 

 common. (Nat. from Eu.) 



8. V. SEPiuM L. Perennial ; leaflets 5-8 pairs, elliptic-ovate ; flowers 3-4, in 

 subsessile racemes; pod oblong, obliquely acuminate, many-seeded. — Locally 

 in fields and waste places, Me. to Ont. June, July. (Nat. from Eu.) 



4. V. TETRASPEUMA (L.) Mocuch. Peduncles \-2-flowered ; leaflets 4-6 

 pairs, linear-oblong, obtuse ; calyx-teeth unequal ; corolla bluish ; pods narrov\ 

 i-seeded, smooth. — Waste places, e. Que. to Ont., Fla., and Miss. May-Sept. 

 (Nat. from Eu.) 



5. V. HiRSUTA (L.) S. F. Gray. Peduncles S-ij-flovjered ; leaflets 6-8 pairs, 

 truncate ; calyx-teeth equal ; corolla whiti.sh ; p>ods oblong. 2-seedfd, hairy. — 

 Waste places, e. Que. to Ont. and Ga. May-Aug. (Nat. from Eu.) 



8. V. ludoviciana Nutt. Peduncles f-H times as long as the leaves, 2-8- 

 flowered; leaflets 7-11, elliptical to oblong; flowers 6-8 mm. long, blue or pur- 

 ple. — Greene Co., Mo. (Blankinship), and south w. Apr., May. 



7. V. Cracca L. Appressed-pubescent; leaflets 8-24, oblong-lanceolate, 

 strongly mucronate; racemes densely many-flowered, 1-sided; flowers blue, 

 turning purple (rarely white), 1-1.2 cm. long, reflexed ; calyx-teeth shorter than 

 the tube. — Borders of thickets or in fields, Nfd. to N. J., w. to Ky., la., and 

 Minn. June-Aug. (Eu.) 



8. V. caroliniana Walt. Nearly smooth ; leaflets 8-24, oblong, obtuse, 

 scarcely mucronate ; pediuicles loosely flowered ; flowers small, more .scattered 

 than in the preceding, whitish, the keel tipped with blue ; calyx-teeth very short. 

 — River-l)anks, Ont. to Ga., Minn., and Kan. Apr.-Junc. 



i>. V. americana Muhl. Glabrous; leaflets 10-14, elliptical or ovate-oblong, 

 very obtuse, many-veined ; peduncles 4-S-flowered ; flowers purplish (1.5-1.8 cm. 

 long). — Moist soil, N. Y. to Va., Minn., Kan., and westw. May, June. Var. 

 truncXta (Nutt.) Hrew^er. Leaflets conspicuously truncate. — Reported frf)m 

 e. Kan, Var. angustif6lia Nees. Leaflets linear. (Var. linearis Wats.) — 

 Minn., westw. and southw. 



10. V. viLLosA Roth. (Hairy or Winter V.) Resembling V. Cracca, but 

 annual or biennial ; the stems, peduncles, and leaves villous; the violet and 

 white flowers larger. — Frequently planted for fodder, and inclined to persist or 

 escape into dry open .soil. May-bept. (Introd. from Eurasia ) 



