584 VIOLACEAE (VIOLET FAMILY) 



21. V. vi^rum Pollard. Leaves broadly deltoid, with the basal angles 

 rounded, some undivided, merely crenate-se irate or with a few slight incisions, 

 others hastately 3-7-lobed or -parted, tlie middle segment broad, acute, serrate ; 

 petals rich violet, spurred petal glabrous, narrow, eraarginate, nearly tubular 

 from the inrolling of the margins, lateral pair narrow, convergent about the 

 spurred petal, bearing a sparse short clavate beard, upper pair broader, diver- 

 gent, emarginate ; sepals narrowly lanceolate, with rather short entire auricles ; 

 cleistoganious fruit on peduncles somewhat shorter than the petioles, pale green 

 when ripe, cylindric-ovoid ; seeds olive-brown. — Open ground, waysides and 

 river-banks. Mo. to Kan. and Okla. 



22. V. Selkirkii Pursh. (Great-spurred V.) Small and delicate ; runners 

 all underground ; leaves round-cordate, the basal lobes converging or over- 

 lapping, crenate, at vernal flowering about 2 cm. wide, when mature 8-4 cm. 

 wide, the upper surface bearing minute spreading hairs, plant otherwise gla- 

 brous ; scapes about as tall as the leaves ; petals all beardless ; peduncles of 

 cleistoganious flowers erect or ascending, the capsules subglobose, dotted with 

 purple ; seeds small, straw-colored. — Shaded ravines and cold w^oods, N. B. to 

 w. Mass., n. Pa., L. Superior, and north w., rare. (Greenl.) 



2;-}. V. paliistris L. Smooth ; leaves round-cordate and reniform, slightly 

 crenate; flowers small; petals pale lilac, with purple lines, the lateral pair 

 somewhat bearded, spur very short and obtuse. — Alpine region of the White 

 Mts., N. H., and far northw. (Eu.) 



24. V. lanceolata L. (Lance-leaved V.) Stolons leafy, often bearing 

 apetalous flowers ; leaves and scapes glabrous, 5-8 cm. high at time of vernal 

 flowering ; later leaves 20-30 cm. high, the blades obscurely crenulate, gradually 

 tapeiing into a long margined often reddish petiole ; lateral petals usually 

 beardless ; sepals lanceolate, acute ; cleistogamous capsules 6-12 mm. long, on 

 erect peduncles that are usually shorter than the leaves ; seeds dark brown. — 

 Open bogs, moist meadows, and shores, N. S. to Minn., and south w. 



25. V. primulifolia L. (Primrose-leaved V.) Leaves oblong or ovate, 

 with either subcordate, obtuse, or tapering base, obscurely crenate-serrate, 

 commonly glabrous; stolons, flowers, and fruit as in the preceding; seeds 

 reddish-brown, about 1.5 mm. long. — Moist or almost dry soil, N. B., southw. 

 along the coast. 



26. V. pallens (Banks) Brainerd. Leaves heart-shaped, obtuse or rarely 

 acute ; petioles and scapes often with scattered hairs, sometimes dotted with 

 red ; lateral petals usually bearing a small tuft of hairs, upper petals broadly 

 obovate ; seeds small, 1 mm. long, almost black. ( F. blanda of "recent Am. 

 auth., not Willd.) — Springy land and along brooks. Lab. to B. C, s. to the mts. 

 of S. C. and Tenn., Mich., and Wyo. — This and the two species following are 

 commonly known as Sweet White V. 



27. V. blanda Willd. Glabrous except for minute white hairs on the upper 

 surface of the leaves especially on the basal lobes ; leaves commonly acute, 

 often pointed ; midribs, petioles, and scapes usually tinged with red ; lateral 

 petals beardless, the upper pair often long, narrow, and strongly reflexed, 

 sometimes twisted ; in flower 10-15 days later than the two following ; freely 

 producing in summer slender leafy runners. ( V. amoena Le Conte ; V. blanda, 

 var. paluHtriformis Gray.) — Moist rich woodlands, w. Que. to Minn., and 

 southw. to Ga. and La. 



28. V. inc6gnita Brainerd. Peduncles, petioles, and lower surface of leaves 

 more or less pubescent with soft white hairs especially when young, the upper 

 leaf-surface often glabrous ; aestival leaves large, rugose, broadly heart-shaped, 

 acute ; lateral petals bearded, upper pair obovate ; flowering early ; in summer 

 producing numerous filiform runners. — Mountain slopes and low moist wood- 

 lands, Nfd. and e. Que. southw. to Pa., and westw. 



20. V. renifolia (iray. Leaves reniform, often abruptly pointed, more or 

 less pubescent, but upper surface often quite glabrous ; petals all beardless, the 

 upper pair oibicular ; flowering early ; runners rarely present, very short, 

 raceme-like, bearing cleistogamous flowers. — Arbor \'itae swamps and cold 

 woods, Nfd. to the Mackenzie R., s. to N. E., Pa., Mich., and Minn. 



