610 



UMBELLIFERAE (PARSLEY FAMILYJ) 



head, and similar bractlets. {E. aquatinim L. 1762, in part, not L. 1753.) — 

 Ct. to Minn., Kan., Tex., and Fla. July-Sept. 



* * Tall and often stout ; leaves thick, not parallel-veined. 



2. E. aquaticum L. Slender, 3-i) dm. high ; radical and loioer stem-leaves 

 linear- to oblong-lanceolate, on long (sometimes 3 dm.) fistulous petioles, entire 

 or with small hooked teeth; upper leaves sessile, spiny-toothed or laciniate ; 

 heads ovoid-ellipsoid, 1.2 cm. long, with reflexed bracts, and bractlets with 

 spiny cusps (the middle one largest). (E. virginianum Lam.) — By ponds and 

 streams, N. J. to Fla. and Tex., near the coast. Aug., Sept. 



3. E. Leavenw6rthii T. & G. Stout, 4-0 dm. high ; loicest stem-leaves 

 broadly oblanrr^olate, spinosely toothed, the rest ses.sile and deeply and palmately 

 parted into narrow incisely pinnatifid spreading pungent segments; lieads 

 ovoid-ellipsoid, 2.5-4 cm. long, with pinnatifid spinose bracts and 3-7 -cuspidate 

 bractlets, the terminal ones very prominent and resembling the bracts. — Dry 

 soil, e. Kau., Ark., and Tex. 



* * * Prostrate and slender, rooting at the joints, diffusely branched, with small 



thin unarmed leaves and very small heads. 



4. E. prostratum Nutt. Lower leaves oblong, entire, few-toothed, or lobed 

 at base ; upper leaves smaller, clustered at the rooting joints, ovate, few-toothed 

 or entire (occasionally some additional trifid ones) ; reflexed bracts longer than 

 the ellipsoid heads (4-7 mm. long). — Wet places, s. Mo. to Fla. and Tex. 



2. SANICULA [Tourn.] L. Sanicle. Black Sxakeroot 



Calyx-teeth manifest, persistent. Fruit globular ; the carpels not separating 



spontaneously, ribless, thickly clothed with hooked prickles. — Perennial rather 



tall glabrous herbs, with few palmately lobed or parted leaves, 



o-^>.^ y^ those from the base long-petioled. Umbels irregular or com- 



J\jf pound, the flowers (greenish or yellowish) capitate in the umbel- 



^^^^2 lets, perfect, and with staminate ones intermixed. Involucre and 



involucels few-leaved. (Name said to be from sanare, to heal: 



or perhaps from San Nicolas.) ' 



* Styles much exceeding the bristles of the fruit, recurved. 



1. S. marilandica L. Stem erect, 3-10 dm. high; leaves 

 5-7-parted, the divisions sharply serrate, acute ; sterile flowers 

 pedicellate, often in separate umbels ; 

 fruit 6-7 mm. long, sessile. — Nfd. to 

 Ga. and w. to the Rocky Mts., common. 

 Fig. 815. 

 S. gregaria Bicknell. Stem slender, 6 dm. liigh ; 



leaves 5-foliolate ; leaflets obovate, 



cleft and serrate ; fruit only S-4(-')) 



mm. long, somewhat stipitate. — 



Kiel) woods, St. John Valley, N. B.; 



s. N. H. to Minn., Ark., and Ga. 



Vui. 816. 



*■ * Styles shorter than the bristles, 



3. S. canadensis L. Simple, 

 erect, 5-8 dm. high ; leaves 3-5- 

 foliolate, leaflets narrowly obovate, 

 sliarply serrate ; sterile fioioers 



few, short-pediceled ; fruit nearly si6. S. gregaria x 4. 



sessile, subglobose, 3-6 mm. long. 



— N. H. t'> Fla., Minn., Neb., and Tex., common. Fig. 

 817. 

 =^17. s. caiiaiieiisib X 4. 4. S. trifoliata Bicknell. Similar in habit,the leaflets 



*815. S. marilan- 

 dica X 2. 



