COKNACEAE (DOGWOOD FAMILY) 623 



with dark purple stem ; leaves 2-o-ternately divided, the pinnate segments of 

 5-7 lanceolate to ovate leaflets, 2-4 cm. broad, sharply mucronate-serrate. 

 {Archanqelica Hoffm.) — Alluvial soils, Nfd. to Del., 111.. la., Minn., and w. 

 Unt. Fig. ^42. 



45. TORILIS Adans. 



Calyx-teeth short, triangular, persistent. Fruit bristly with hooked prickles 

 or warty, the primary ribs not so prominent as the secondary'. — Erect slender 

 caulescent annuals with bipinnate leaves, compound umbels, and dense heads of 

 white flowei-s, the involucres and involucels of linear bracts. (Etymology un- 

 known.) CArcALis of auth., in part. 



1. T. Anthri'scus (L ) Bernh. Umhels open, loose, long-peduncled, raised 

 above the leaves ; prickles evenly distributed on the fruit. {Caucalis Huds. ) — 

 Open woods and waste places, X. Y. to D. C, Ky., and O. (Nat. from Eu.) 



2. T. NODOSA (L.) Gaertn. Umbels dense, subcapitate ; peduncles much 

 shorter than the leaves ; prickles often confined to one side of the elsewhere irarty 

 carpels. {Caucalis Scop.) — Similar situations, from the Middle Atlantic Slates 

 westw. (Adv. from Eu.) 



46. DAUCUS [Toum.] L. Carrot 



Fruit oblong, flattened dorsally ; stylopodium depressed ; 

 carpel with 5 slender bristly primary ribs and 4 winged secondary 

 ones, each of the latter bearing a sinde row of barbed prickles ; 

 oil-tubes solitary under the secondary ribs, two on the commis- 

 sural side. — Bristly annuals or biennials, with pinnately decom- 

 pound leaves, foliaceous and cleft involucral bracts, and C(^mpound 

 umbels which become strongly concave. (The ancient Greek 

 name.) 



1. D. Car6ta L. Biennial ; stem bristly ; ultimate leaf-seg- 

 ments lanceolate and cuspidate ; rays numerous. — Fields and 

 waste places ; a pernicious weed. — The flowers \?iv\ from white 

 843. D. Carota to roseate or pale yellow, the central one in each umbel usually 

 x3%. dark puri)le. (Nat. from Eu.) Fig. 843. 



CORNACEAE (Dogwood Family) 



Shrubs or trees {rarely herbaceous) ., xoith opposite or alternate simple leaves, 

 the calyx-tube adherent to the 1-2-celled ovary, its limb minute, the petals 

 {valvate in the bud) and as many stamens borne on the margin of an epigynous 

 disk in the pierfect flowers ; style one; a single anatropous ovule hanging from 

 the top of the cell; the fruit a l-2-seeded drupe ; embryo nearly as long as the 

 albumen, with large foliaceous cotyledons. — Including two genera with us, of 

 which Xyssa is partly apetalous. Bark bitter and tonic. 



1. Comus. Flowers perfect, 4-raerous. Leaves mostly opjjosite. 



2. Nyssa. Flowers dioeciously polygamous, 5-merous. Leaves alternate. 



1. C6RNUS [Tourn.] L. Cornel. Dogwood 



Flowers perfect (or in some foreign s])ecies dioecious). Calyx minutely 

 4-toothed. Petals 4, oblong, spreading. Stamens 4 ; filaments slender. Style 

 slender; stigma terminal, flat or capitate. Drupe small, with a 2-celled and 

 2-seeded stone. — Leaves opposite (except \n one species), entire. Flowers 

 small, in open naked cymes, or in close heads surroun(h'd by a corolla-like 

 involucre. (Name from cornu., a horn ; alluding to the hardness of the wood.) 



