(J40 ERICACEAE (^HEATH EA.MILY) 



beneath; berries black, usually without bloom. (V. nigrum 'Rritton.) — Often 

 associated with the species, or by itself, N. B. to N. J., Pa., and Mich. 



8. V. canadense Kahu. (Sour-top or Vklvet-leaf B.) Low (2-6 dm. 

 high) ; leacps ohhnHj-lanrenlnfc or cUijytical, entire, downy both sides, as well 

 as the crowded branchlets, in maturity 2-4 cm. long, o-L') mm. broad; corolla 

 shorter (4-6 mm. long) ; berries blue with much bloom (rarely black), ripening 

 later than those of no. 7. — Dry plains, swamps or moist woods, Lab. to Man., 

 s. to N. E., 111., Minn., and along the mts. to Va. Forma chiococcum Deane 

 is a rare form with white fruit. 



9. V. vacillans Ivalm. (Late Low R.) Low (3-9 dm. high), glabrous, 

 with yellowish-green branchlets ; leaves obovate or oval, in maturity 2.5-4.5 cm. 

 long, 1.5-2.5 cm. broad, very pale or dull, glaucous, at least underneath, entire 

 or minutely ciliolate-serrulate ; calyx usually reddish ; corolla 5-8 mm. long, 

 greenish-yellow, often tinged with red ; berries blue, with a bloom, ripening later 

 than those of no. 7. — Dry places, especially in sandy soil, N. E. to Mich., and 

 southw. 



++ ++ Shrubs 1-4 m. high. 



10. V. corymb5sum L. (High or Swamp B.) Tall (1-4 m.) ; leaves ovate to 

 elliptic-lanceolate, smooth or slightly pubescent beneath, half-grown at flowering 

 time, in maturity 4-8 cm. long, 2-4 cm. broad, the margins entire ; calyx 

 usually glaucous, the lobes acutisli or blunt ; corolla white or pinkish, 6-10 mm. 

 long, varying from ovoid to cylindric-urn-shaped ; berries blue-black, with a 

 bloom, 7-10 mm. in diameter. — Swamps, low woods, or even dry pastures. Me. 

 to Minn., and southw. ; chiefly eastw. 



Var. amoenum (Ait.) Gray. Similar; leaves bright green both sides, ciliate- 

 serrulate or bristly-ciliate. — Similar range, less abundant. 



Var. pallidum (Ait.) Gray. Glaucous; leaves ciliate-serrulate, whitened 

 beneath. ( V. pallidum Ait.) — Throughout the range. 



11. V. atroc6ccum (Gray) Heller. (Black High B.) Resembling the 

 preceding ; leaves entire, downy or woolly underneath even when old, unex- 

 panded at flowering time; calyx not glaucous, the lobes obtuse or rounded; 

 corolla turgid-ovoid to ellipsoid, yellowish- or green ish-ivhite, tinged with red, 

 5-8 mm. long; berries polished black, without bloom, 5-8 mm. in diameter. 

 {V. corymbosum, var. Gray.) — Swamps, low woods and barrens, s. Me. to N. C. 

 and Ont. — Flowering and fruiting a week or ten days earlier than no. 10, with 

 which it is often associated. 



§ 3. EUVACCfNIUM Gray. (Bilberries.) Corolla ellipsoid to globular, 

 4r-b-toothed ; filaments glabrous; anthers 2-aioned on the back, included; 

 berry 4-6-celled ; leaves deciduous ; flowers on drooping pedicels, solitary 

 or few together, appearing with or after the leaves; mostly glabrous. 



* Parts of the flower mostly in fours ; stamens 8. 



12. V. uligin5sum L. (Bog Bilberry.) Low and spreading stout shrub 

 2-60 cm. high ; leaves entire, dull, obovate or oblong, in maturity 5-20 mm. 

 long, 3-15 mm. wide, pale and slightly pubescent underneath ; flowers single or 

 2-3 together from a scaly bud, almost sessile ; corolla short, urn-shaped; 

 berries black, with a bloom, sweet. — Arctic Am., s. to the barrens of Washington 

 Co., Me., mts. of n. N. E. and n. N. Y., and n. Mich. 



** Parts ofthefloioer in fives ; stamens 10; leaves membranaceous; flowers 

 solitary on short axillary peduncles, nodding. 



13. V. caespitosum Michx. (Dwarf Bilberry.) Dwarf tufted slender 

 shrub (5-30 cm. high), with rounded branches ; leaves obovate, cuneate-lanceo- 

 late or cuneate-spatulate, narrowed at base, smooth and shining, serrate, in 

 maturity 1-4 cm. long, 4-20 mm. broad ; corolla ellipsoid, slightly urn-shaped, 

 usually pink or coral-red; berries blue, sweet. — Gravelly or rocky woods and 

 shores, Lab. to Alaska, s. to s. Me., s. Vt. , n. Mich., n. Wise, Col., and Cal. ; 

 alpine summits, N. E. and N. Y. 



14. V. membranaceum Dougl. More erect, 3-15 dm. high ; branchlets some- 

 what angled ; leaves mostly ovate and acute or pointed, in maturity 2-7 cm. long, 



