BORAGINACEAE (B(JKAGE FAMILY) 



681 



2. CYNOGLOSSUM [Toum.] L. Hound^s Tongub 



Corolla funuel-form. the tube about equaling the 5-parted calyx ; lobes 

 rounded. Stamens included. Nutlets depressed or convex, oblique, fixed near 

 the apex to the base of the style, roughened all over with short barbed or hooked 

 prickles. — Coarse herbs, with petioled lower leaves ; the mostly panicled (so- 

 called) racemes naked above, usually bracted at base. (Name from kvwv, a dog, 

 and yXQaaa, tongue; from the shape and texture of the leaves.) 



1. C. OFFICINALE L. (CoMMox H.) Bicnuial, clothed v:ith short soft hairs, 

 leafy, panicled above ; upper leaves lanceolate, closely sessile by a rounded 



or slightly heart-shaped base ; racemes nearly bractless ; 

 corolla reddish-purple (rarely white) ; nutlets flat on the 

 broad upper face, somewhat margined. — Waste ground and 

 pastures, locally abundant, the large nutlets adhering to the 

 sheep, etc. (Nat. from Eu. ) — Strong-scented. 



fleece of 

 Fig. 852 

 2. C. 



roughish 

 leaved, 



virginianum L. (Wild Comfrey.) Perennial, 

 icith spreading bristly hairs; stem simple, feic- 

 -8 dm. high ; stem-leaves lanceolate-oblong, clasp- 

 ing by a deep heart-shaped base ; racemes few and corymhed, 

 raised on long naked peduncles, bractless ; calyx in anthesis 

 3.5-4.5 mm. long ; corolla pale blue, 1-1.2 cm. broad, with 

 suborbicular lobes and closed sinuses ; nutlets strongly 

 echinate, compressed-orbicular-obovoid. cuneate at base, 7-9 

 mm. long. — Open deciduous woods, N. J. to Mo., southw. 

 and southwestw. May. 



3. C. boreale Fernald. Similar, but more slender ; stems 

 852. C. officinale. villous-hispid at base, appressed-pubescent above ; only the 



upper stem-leaves clasping; calyx in anthesis 2-2.5 mm. 

 long; corolla 6-S mm. broad, the lobes oblong-ovate, the sinuses open; nutlets 

 compressed-pyriform-obovoid, 4-5 mm. long. (C virginicum Man. ed. 6, in 

 part.) — Open woods and alluvial banks, e. Que. to B. C, s. to Ct., N. Y., Mich., 

 and Minn. May, June. 



3. LAPPULA [Rivinius] Moench. Stickseed 



Corolla salver-form, short, imbricated in the bud. Stamens included. Nutlets 

 fixed to the base of the style or central column, triangular or compressed, the 

 back armed with prickles which are barbed at the apex, otherwise naked. — 

 Rough-hairy and grayish herbs, with small blue to whitish flowers in racemes 

 or spikes ; flowering all summer. (Name a diminutive of lappa, a bur.) 



ECHIXOSPERMUM Sw. 



* Slender pedicels recurved, or deflexed in fruit; calyx-lobes short, at length 



rejlexed; biennial or perennial, not hispid. 



1. L. virginiana (L.) Greene. (Beggar's Lice.) Stem .3-12 dm. high ; 

 radical leaves round-ovate or cordate, slender-petioled ; cauline 0.5-2.5 dm, 

 long, ovate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 

 acuminate at both ends ; loosely pani- 

 culate racemes divaricate ; pedicel and 

 flower each about 2 mm. long ; nutlets 

 of the globose fruit equally short-glo- 

 chidiate over the whole back. (Echino- 

 spermum virginicum Lehm.) — Woods, 

 thickets, and waysides. Me. and w. Que., 

 westw. and southw. Vmv. 85:^. 



2. L^ deflexa (Wah- 853. L. vir.inia.a. 



lenb.) Garcke. Diffusely 



branched, 0.8-1 m. high ; leaves oblong to lanceolate : racemes lax, 

 85t. L. deflexa. loosely paniculate ; flowers small ; the globular-pyramidal fruit 



