SOLAN ACEAE (NIGHTSHADE FAMILY) 713 



the pedimcles also mostly lateral and extra-axillary. — A vast genus, chiefly in 

 warmer regions. (Name of unknown derivation.) 



* Not prickly ; anthers blunt; flowers and globose naked berries small. 



•h- Perennial, climbing or twining. 



1. S. Dulcamara L. (Bittersweet.) More or less pubescent; leaves 

 >)vate-heart-shaped, the upper halberd-shaped, or with 2 ear-like lobes or leaflet? 

 at base; flowers (purple or blue) in small cymes; berries ovoid, red. — Moist 

 banks and around dwellings. June-Sept. (Nat. from Eu.) 



•♦- -t- Simple-leaved' annuals. 



2. S. triflorum Nutt. Low, spreadin,":. slightly hairy or nearly glabrous ; 

 leaves oblong, pinnatifid (7-9-lobed), with rounded sinuses; peduncles 1-3- 

 flowered ; corolla white; berries green, as large as a small cherry. — Ont. to 

 Man., Kan., and westw.; chiefly a weed near dwellings. 



8. S. nigrum L. (Common N.) Low, much branched and often spreading, 

 nearly glabrous ; the stem rough on the angles ; leaves ovate, wavy-toothed ; 

 flowers white, in small umbel-like lateral clusters, drooping; calyx spreading; 

 filaments hairy ; berries globular, black. — Shaded and rich open grounds ; 

 appearing as if introduced, but a cosmopolite. July-Sept. 



Var. vill6sum L. Low, somewhat viscid-pubescent or villous ; leaves small, 

 conspicuously angular-dentate; filaments glabrous; berries yellow. — Estab- 

 lished near Philadelphia, from ballast. (Adv. from Eu.) 



* * More or less prickly ; anthers tapering upward; pubescence stellate. 



•*- Perennial ; ffuit naked; anthers equal ; corolla violet, rarely white. 



'4. S. carolinense L. (Horse Nettle.) Hirsute or roughish-pubescent ivith 

 4-S-rayed hairs ; prickles stout, yellovnsh, copious (rarely scanty) ; leaves oblong 

 or ovate, obtusely sinuate-toothed or lobed or sinuate-pinnatifid ; racemes sim- 

 ple, soon lateral; calyx-lobes acuminate; berry 1-1.5 cm. broad. — Sandy soil 

 and waste grounds, N. E. to Ont., westw. and southw. ; adventive eastw. 



5. S. elaeagnif51ium Cav. (White Horse Nettle.) Silvery-canescent 

 loith dense scurt-like pubescence of many-rayed hairs ; prickles small, slender, 

 more or less copious or wanting ; leaves lanceolate to oblong and linear, sinuate- 

 repand or entire; calyx-lobes slender; berry 1-1.5 cm. in diameter. — Prairies 

 and plains. Mo. to Tex., and westw. 



■»- ■*- Annual ; fruit partly covered by the spiny calyx; anthers equal; corolla 



blue or white. 



6. S. sisymbriif6lium Lam. Villous with viscid hairs ; strongly armed 

 throughout with stout golden prickles ; leaves deeply pinnatifid, the oblong 

 lobes sinuate or deeply cut ; calyx-lobes becoming ovate-lanceolate and loosely 

 covering the berry. — Ballast and waste places near the coast. (Adv. from 

 Trop. Am.) 



-»--*-•»- Annual ; fruit closely covered ; lowest anther much the longest. 



7. S. rostrA-Tum Dunal. (Buffalo Bur,) Very prickly, somewhat hoary 

 or yellowish with a copious wholly stellate pubescence ; leaves 1-2-pinnatifid ; 

 calyx densely prickly; corolla yelloio ; stamens and style much declined. — 

 Plains of Neb. to Tex.; recently spread eastw. to the coast as a weed. 



8. S. citrullif61ium A. Br. Similar, but less glandular-pubescent ; corolla 

 violet, 4 cm. broad. {S. heterodoxum Britton, not Dunal.) — la. and Kan., 

 southwestw. 



2. CHAMAESARAcHA Gray. 



Calyx herbaceous, closely investing the globose berry (or most of it), ob.scurely 

 if at all vein3\ Corolla rotate, 5-angulate, plicate in tlie bud. Filaments fill- 

 form ; anthers .separate, oblong. — Perennials, with mostly narrow entire or 

 pinnatifid leaves tapering into margined petioles, and filiforn\ naked pedicels 

 solitary in the axils, refracted or recurved in fruit,. {Saracha is a tropical 



