748 RUBIACEAE (MADDER FAMILY) 



f. Flowers bright white, mimerous, in a compact panicle; 



leaves linear-lanceolate \Z. G. horealt. 



«. Leaves mostly in 6's or 8's ; flowers white, numerous, in leafy 

 panicles. 

 Leaves firm, linear or oblanceolate, rarely 2 cm. long. 



Flowering branches and pedicels strongly divaricate . 14. G. Mollugo. 

 Flowering branches and pedicels mostly ascending . . 15. G. erectum. 

 Leaves thin, lanceolate, mostly 8-5 cm. long . . .16. G. sylvaticwn. 

 d. Matted, reclining, or ascending plants, usually with more or less 

 retrorsely scabrous stems or leaves h. 

 h. Fruit smooth or merely granulate-roughened i. 

 i. Leaves obtuse. 



Flowers several in a small dichotomous cyme ; the pedi- 

 cels horizontally spreading 17. 6^. palustre. 



Flowers solitary or in mostly simple cymes of 2-5 flowers. 



Corollas greenish-white, small (1.5 mm. or less broad), 



commonly with 3 obtuse lobes ; stems retrorse- 



scabrous. 



Flowers mostly solitary, on capillary arcuate scabrous 



pedicels 18. G. irifldum. 



Flowers in 2's and 3's ; pedicels straight, smooth . 19. G. Claytoni. 

 Corollas white, 2-2.5 mm. broad, commonly with 4 acute 

 lobes ; stems mostly smooth. 

 Leaves chiefly ascending ; fruit 2.5-3.5 mm. in diam- 

 eter 20. <?. iinctorium. 



Leaves chiefly reflexed ; fruit 1-1.5 mm. in diameter 21. G. labradoricxim. 

 i. Leaves acute or cuspndate. 



Leaves linear, slightly upward-scabrous on the margins . 22. G. concinnum. 

 Leaves lanceolate, relrorse-scabrous . . . . . 28. G^. asprellum. 



h. Fruit bristly 24. G.trijlorum. 



a. Fruit a berry ; leaves in 4's, 1-nerved 25. 6^. hispidulum. 



1. G. virgatum Nutt. Slender and erect; stem 1-3 dm. high, simple or 

 branching from the base ; leaves mostly in 4's, thick, oblong or linear, 4-7 mm. 

 long ; flowers solitary, sessile, subtended by a pair of small bracteal leaves ; fruit 

 uncinate-hispid. — Dry soil, Mo. to Tenn. and Tex. 



2. G. Aparine L. (Cleavers, Goose Grass.) Stem weak and reclining^ 

 bristle-prickly backward., hairy at the joints ; leaves about 8 in a whorl, lanceo- 

 late, tapering to the base, short-pointed, rough on the margins and midrib, 

 2.5-7 cm. long ; peduncles l-S-flowered ; flowers white ; fruit bristly, 3-4 mm. in 

 diameter. — Seashores, Que. to Fla., and in rich or shaded ground inland ; per- 

 haps sometimpo introd. (Eurasia.) 



Var. Vaillantii (DC.) Koch. Smaller; the leaves less than 2.5 cm. long; 

 hispidulous fruit smaller., 1.5-2 mm. in diameter. {G. spurium L.) — Ont., 

 westw. and south west w. 



3. G. TRicoRXE Stokes. Resembling no. 2, rather stout, with simple branches ; 

 leaves 6 or 8, oblanceolate, cuspidate-mucronate, the margins and stem retrorsely 

 prickly-hispid ; flowers mostly in clusters of 3, dull white ; fruits rather large, 

 tuberculate-granulate, not hairy, pendulous. — Ballast, local. (Adv. from Eu.) 



4. G. PARisiExsE L. Slender, diffuse, 1-3 dm. high, glabrous ; leaves 5-7, 

 oblanceolate to nearly linear, 5-10 mm. long, their margins and the angles of the 

 stem spinulose-scabrous ; flowers rather few, cymulose on leafy branches, green- 

 ish-v/liite, very small ; fruit glabrous, more or less tuberculate. {G. anglicum 

 Huds.) — Roadsides, Va. (Nat. from Eu.) 



5. G. vi:RUM L. (Yellow B.) Stems smooth, erect ; leaves 8 or sometimes 

 6 in the whorls, linear, roughish, soon deflexed ; flowers yellow, very numerous, 

 densely paniculate, the lower branches of the panicle at anthesis much exceeding 

 the subtending leaves; fruit usually smooth. — Dry fields, Me. to N. J., Pa., and 

 Ont., local. (Xat. from Eu.) 



6. G. WiRTG^xii F. Schultz. Similar to the preceding; flowers yellow, 

 slightly larger, 3 mm. in diameter; the panicle long and interrupted, the loicer 

 branches at anthesis shorter than or scarcely surpassing the subtending leaves. 

 — Established in meadows, Norfolk, Ct. (Miss Seymour). (Adv. from Eu.) 



7. G. pilbsum Ait. Hairy; leaves oval, dotted, hairy, 2-2.5 cm. long, the 

 lateral nerves obscure; peduncles 2-^-forkcd, the floicers all pediceled. — Dry 

 copses, N. H. to Ont., Mich.. 111., Kan., and south vv. 



Var. puncticulosum (Miclix.) T. & G. Almost glabrous; leaves varying 

 to elliptical-oblong, hi.s])idulous-ciliate. — N. J. to Va. and Tex. 



