r66 CAMPANULACEAE (BLUEBELL FAMILY^ 



jeeded. Seed small, anatropoas, with a straight embryo in fleshy albumen, — 

 Flowers generally blue and showy. 



* Capsule opening by pores on the sides ; anthers free. 



1. Specularia. Corolla rotate. Capsule slender-cylindric or -prismatic, 



2. Campanula. Corolla campanulate (rarely with flaring limb). Capsule obconic or turbinate 



to globose. 



* * Capsule opening by valves at the apex ; anthers connate at base. 



3. Jasione. Flowers crowded into dense involucrate heads. Corolla with slender segments. 



1. SPECULArIA [Heist.] Fabricias. Venus's Looking-glass 



Calyx 5(or 3-4)-lobed. Corolla wheel-shaped, 5-lobed. Stamens 5, sepa- 

 rate ; the membranaceous hairy filaments shorter than the anthers. Stigmas •'*. 

 Capsule prismatic or slender-cylindric, o-celled, opening by 8 small lateral valves. 

 — Low annuals, with axillary blue or purplish flowers, in American species 

 dimorphous, the earlier small and cleistogamous. (Name from Speculum Ve- 

 neris^ the early name of the common European .species.) Legouzia Durande. 



1. S. perfoliata (L.) A. DC. Somewhat hairy, 1-0 dm. high ; leaves round- 

 ish or oimte, clasping by the heart-shaped base, toothed ; flowers sessile, solidary 

 or 2-3 together in the axils, only the upper or later ones having a conspicuous 

 and expanding corolla ; capsule ellipsoid, short, straight, opening rather below 

 the middle; .seeds lenticular. {Legouzia Britton.) — Sterile open ground, s. Me. 

 to Ont., westw. and south w. 



2. S. biflbra (R. & P.) Fi.sch. & Mey. Similar; leaves sessile, ovate or ob- 

 long, the upper narrower, slightly crenate ; flowers solitary or by 2's in the 

 axils, the lower with .3-4 short calyx-lobes, the upper with 4-5 longer lobes 

 hardly equaling the corolla; capsule short-cylindric, the valves near the summit. 

 {Legovzia Britton.) — Va., westw. and southw. 



3. S. leptocarpa (Nutt.) Gray. Minutely hirsute or nearly glabrous, 1.5-4 

 dm. high ; leaves lanceolate, with flowers closely sessile in their axils ; calyx- 

 lobes of lower flowers 3 ; capsule nearly cylindrical, 1.5-2 cm. long, 2 mm. thick, 

 inclined to cAirve, opening by one or two uplifted valves near the summit; seeds 

 oblong. {Legouzia Britton.) — Diy open ground, w. Mo. and Ark. to Col. and 

 w. Tex. — Expanded corolla 1-2 cm. wide. 



2. CAMPANULA [Tourn.] L. Bellflower 



Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla generally bell-shaped, 5-lobed. Stamens 5, separate ; 

 the filaments broad and membranaceous at the base. Stigmas and cells of the 

 capsule 3 in our species, the short pod opening on the sides by as many valves 

 or holes. — Herbs, with terminal or axillary flowers. (A diminutive of the 

 Italian campana, a bell, from tlie shape of the corolla.) 



a. Flowers in glomerules, spikes, or racemes, mostly numerous &. 



I>. Flowers Sessile, chiefly in glomerules or leafy-bracted heads . . \. C. glomerata. 



b. Flowers distinctly pediceled. 



Calyx and outer surface of unexpanded corolla bristly-ciliate with 



long pale trichoines 2. C. Trachelium. 



Calyx and corolla smooth, or the former minutely pubescent ; ra- 

 cemes elongate and spiciform. 

 Corolla campanulate ; style straight; capsule cam panulate-ovoid, 



opening by pores at the base 3. C. rapunculnides 



Corolla rotate ; style declined and upwardly curved ; capsule 



obconic to subcylindric, the pores at the summit . . .4. C. (im erica na. 

 a. Flowers l-x>, on slender peduncles or in loose inflorescences c. 



c. Style not exserted. 



Stems smooth (rarely villous), not retrorse-scabrous on the angles ; 



leaves not retrorse-scabrous on the nerves and margin . . 5. C. rotundifolia. 

 Stems retrorse-scabrous on the angles ; leaves with retrorse-sca- 

 brous nerves and margin. 



Corolla 2-8 cm. long . 6. C. patula. 



Corolla shorter. 



Pedunrk's strongly divergent ; corolla 5-8 mm. long . . 7. 0. aparinoides. 

 Peduncles ascending ; corolla 10-12 mm. long . . . .8. C. uligiiioxa. 

 c. Style loug-exserted 9. (7. divaricata. 



