CAMPANULACEAE (BLUEBELL FAMILY) 767 



1. C. glomerXta L. (Clustered B.) Somewhat hairy, stout and erect, 

 3-6 dm. high ; basal leaves lanceolate to oblong-ovate, loiig-petioled ; stem-leaves 

 oblong or lanceolate, cordate-clasping ; flowers sessile, clustered in the upper 

 axils, forming a leafy head ; corolla open-bell-shaped, deep purple, 2-3 cm. long. 

 — Roadsides, Que. and e. Mass. June, July. (Introd. from Eurasia.) 



2. C. TRACHi:LiuM L. (Nettle-leaved B., Throatwort.) Stems simple 

 below, 3-9 dm. high, often bristly above ; basal leaves broadly cordate-ovate to 

 reniform, coarsely toothed ; the upper short-petioled or subsessile, ovate to lanceo- 

 late ; flowers in 2's or 3's (rarely solitary) in terminal and axillary loose clus- 

 ters ; calyx bristly, the oblong-lanceolate lobes somewhat foliaceous; corolla 

 2.5-3.5 cm. long. — Roadsides and thickets, Quebec to Montreal, etc. Aug. 

 (Introd. from Eurasia.)' 



3. C. RAPUNCULOiDES L. Stcms slender, 6-10 dm. high, smoothish, or finely 

 pubescent above; lower leaves long-petioled, cordate-ovate; the upper ovate- 

 lanceolate, short-petioled to sessile, irregularly serrate-dentate, hispichdoiis be- 

 neath ; flowers nodding, single in the axils of bracts, forming racemes; calyx 

 and capsule scabrous-puberulent ; corolla campanulate, 2-3 cm. long ; capsule 

 opening by pores at base. — Roadsides, thickets, etc., e. Que. to Ont., O., and 

 s. N. Y. July, Aug. (Introd. from Eurasia.) Var. ucranica (Bess.) C. Koch. 

 Smoother ; the calyx and capsule essentially glabrous. — Similar situations. Que. 

 and N. E. (Introd. from Russia.) 



4. C. americana L. (Tall B.) Annual; stem mostly simple, 0.5-1.8 ra. 

 high : leaves ovate and ovate-lanceolate, taper-pointed, serrate, mostly on mar- 

 gined petioles, thin, somewhat hairy, 0.5-1.5 dm. long; spiciform raceme 3-6 

 dm. long, the flowers solitary or clustered in the axils of the upper leaves and 

 bracts; corolla rotate, light blue, 2.5 cm. broad; capsule glabrous, ojyening by 

 pores at the summit. — Moist rich soil, Ont. and N. Y. to Neb., s. to Ga. and 

 Ark. June-Aug. 



5. C. rotundifblia L. (Harebell, Bluebell.) Slender perennial, simple 

 to freely branched, 1-5 dm, high, 1-15-flowered ; basal leaves (rarely present on 

 the flowering stems) round-heai't-shaped to ovate, mostly toothed, long-petioled, 

 early withering; stem-leaves numerous, linear or narrowly lanceolate, smooth; 

 calyx-lobes awl-shaped, from i-| the length of the purplish-blue corolla (1.5-2.5 

 cm. long) ; cap>sule nodding, short-ovoid to subcylindric, opening by pores at 

 base. — Open or rocky banks, meadows, shores, etc., widely distributed in 

 boreal regions, extending south in our range to N. J., the Great L. region, and 

 Neb. (Eurasia.) — Extremely variable in stature, degree of branching, number 

 and size of flowers, texture of foliage, divergence of calyx-lobes, etc., characters 

 which seem to respond readily to slight changes of environment. Typical C. 

 rotundifoUa of Eurasia, with the stems closely puberulent all over at base, is 

 comparatively scarce in eastern America, but becomes common westw. With 

 us it passes to a commoner form ( C. intercedens Witasek) in which the stems 

 are glabrous or have the hairs confined to lines at the base of the stem. This 

 in exposed situations becomes dwarfed and rigid (var. arctica Man. ed. 6, and 

 perhaps Lange ; var. Langsdorfiana Britton ; C. dubia A. DC). In shade the 

 leaves are thin and elongate, in exposed situations firmer and shorter, characters 

 upon which other artificial separations are sometimes made. 



Var. velutina DC. Stems and leaves canescent with close pubescence. — 

 Sand hills of Burt Lake, Mich. {E. J. Hill). (Eu.) 



6. C. pAtula L. Erect slender annual or biennial, simple or with long as- 

 cending branches ; stems retrorse-scabrous on the angles, in age smoothish ; 

 basal leaves spatulate or obovate, the cauline lanceolate to linear and sessile, 

 entire or,crenate, the nerves beneath and often the margins retrorse-scabrous ; 

 flowers long-peduncled ; calyx-lobes linear-lanceolate ; condla 2-3 cm. long, 

 purplish; capsule obconic, opening by pores at summit. — Locally in fields, Ct. 

 (Adv. from Eu.) 



7. C. aparinoides Pursh. (Marsh B.) Stem simple or branched, weak, 

 2-6 dm. long, somewhat '^-angled, rough backvjard on the angles, as are the 

 slightly toothed edges and midrib of the lanceolate or linear-lanceolate soft 

 leaves ; flowers chiefly terminating strongly divergent leafy branches; lobes of 



