792 coMPosiTAE (composite family) 



tapering into winged petioles, partly slieathing at the base, sparsely serrulate oi 

 entire, the uppermost 3-8 cm. long ; racemes much crowded and apprcssed in 

 a dense vmnd-like panicle; involucre 4-6 mm. long, its bracts linear-oblong; 

 rays 5-6, small. — Bogs and wet shores, Nfd. to Kee\vatin, s. to Minn., Pa., and 

 in the mts. to N. C. July-early Sept. 



20. S. specibsa Nutt. Stem stout, 0.5-2 m. high, smooth below, often 

 roughish above ; leaves thickish, smooth^ with rough margins, oval or ovate, 

 slightly serrate ; the uppermost 2-4 cm. long, oblong-lanceolate ; the lower 1.5-3 

 dm. long, 5-10 cm. wide, contracted into a margined petiole ; heads somewhat 

 crowded in numerous erect racemes, forming an ample pyramidal or thyrsiform 

 panicle; peduncles and pedicels rough-hairy; involucre cylindric, often gluti- 

 nous, 4.5-6 mm. long, its firm bracts oblong; rays about 5, large. — Dry open 

 woods and thickets, local, Mass. to Minn., and south w. Sept., (Jet. 



Var. angustata T. & G. Lower, rarely 1 m. high ; leaves lanceolate to ovate- 

 lanceolate, more nearly uniform, the lower 8-12 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide ; 

 inflorescence usually smaller. (iS. rigidiuscula Porter.) — Dry open ground, 



0. to S. Dak., and south w. Aug.-Oct. 



= = Heads paniculate, in mostly spreading or recurved-ascending secund 



clusters. 



a. Leaves fleshy ; plant maritime. 



21. S. sempervirens L. Smooth and stout, 0.3-2.5 m. high ; leaves entire, 

 lanceolate, slightly clasping; the lower ones lanceolate-oblong, 1.5-6 dm. long, 

 obscurely triple-nerved ; the uppermost 4-15 cm. long ; racemes short, in an 

 open or contracted panicle ; involucre 4-6 mm. long, many-floioered ; rays showy 

 7-10. — Salt marshes, or rocks on the shore, Gulf of St. Lawrence, and southw., 

 Aug.-NoY. (rarely Dec). — Varies, in less brackish swamps, to forms with 

 thinner elongated linear-lanceoiate leaves tapering to each end, and more erect 

 racemes in a more slender panicle. 



h. Leaves not fleshy ; plants not maritime. 



1. Basal leaves long-petioled, conspicuously larger than the 10-30 (—40) remote 



or subremote cauline ones. 



o Stems strongly angled; leaves shagreen-scabrous on the upper surface ; heads 



lb-2()-floioered. 



22. S. patula Muhl. Stem sharply 4:-angled, smooth, 0.5-2 m. high ; Icmer 

 leaves 1-4 dm. long, ovate, acute, serra,te, pale, vei^y smooth and veiny under- 

 neath, but the upper surface very rough, like shagreen ; uppermost leaves lanceo- 

 late, 2-5 cm. long ; racemes rather short and numerous on the leafy-bracted 

 spreading branches ; heads rather large and full ; the involucre 3-4.5 mm. long, 

 nearly as broad, its linear-oblong bracts obtuse. — Bogs and swamps, chiefly in 

 calcareous regions, w. Me. to Ont., and southw. Aug., Sept. 



oo Stems terete or nearly so; leaves smooth or smoothish {rarely scabrous) ; 



heads ij-ld(-20)-floivered. 



-f Leaves mostly serrate, the lower and middle cauline (as well as the basal) 

 rather abruptly narrovjcd to the petiolar base. (Extreme forms of ^S*. 

 ulmifolia might be sought here.) 



23. S. arguta Ait. Smooth; stem 6-15 dm. high, obscurely angled above; 

 leaves usually thin, sharply double-serrate ; the lower ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 

 1.5^ dm. long, pointed at both ends, their petioles margiiied ; the upper 

 elliptical-lanceolate, 3-0 dm. long ; racemes puliescent, spreading, disposed in 

 an eUmgate open panicle ; involucre about 4 mm. long, its thin bracts bluntisli ; 

 rays 6-7, large ; achencs glabrous. — Open woods and thickets, w. Me. to Ont., 

 and southw. Aug., Sept. 



24. S. Bo6ttii lliiok. Smooth, or scabrous-pubescent or below hinsute. 

 slender, often branclied, 0.5-1.5 m. high ; leaves rather finely serrate, ovate t<i 

 oljlong-laiiceolate, jHiiuted ; the lovier ^)-\-y cm. long ; 11h' u)>i»('r small, oldong tc 

 narrowly lanceolate, often entire ; heads loosely racemose at tlu; tips of the verj/ 



