794 COMPOSITAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 



short. (S. pilosa Walt.) — Low grounds, pine barrens of N. J. to Va., and 

 southw. Aug. -Oct. 



o o Leaves all or nearly all toothed, the veins prominent. 



+ Stems glabrous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate to elliptic-ovate. 



X Branches of the crowded ellipsoid to pyramidal panicle Jloriferous nearly 

 throughout, ascending or ascending-spreading . 



3L S. Elli6ttii T. & G. Smooth; stem stout, 0,5-L8 m, high, very leafy; 

 leaves elliptical or oblong-lanceolnte, acute, 0.5-1 dm. long, closely sessile, 

 slightly serrate, strongly veined, thick, smooth both sides, shining above ; heads 

 in dense slightly spreading racemes ivhich are crowded in a close pyramidal 

 panicle; involucre 4-5 mm. long; peduncles and achenes strigose-pubescent ; 

 rays 8-12. — Swamps (fresh or brackish) near the coast, Mass. to N. J., and 

 southw. Sept., Oct. 



X X Longer branches of the loose panicle chiefly flowerless at base, strongly 



recurved-spreading. 



32. S. ulmifblia Muhl. Stem smooth, slender, 5-15 dm. high, the branches 

 hairy; leaves thin, elliptical-ovate or oblong-lanceolate, pointed, tapering to the 

 base, loosely veined, usually beset with soft hairs beneath ; racemes panicled, 

 loosely recurved-spreading ; involucre 3-4 mm. long, its bracts lanceolate-oblong ; 

 rays about 4. — Dry or rocky woods and copses, N. S. and s. Me. to Minn., and 

 southw. Aug., Sept. 



+ 4- Stems pubescent (or glabrous only in var. of no. 33, which has lanceolate 

 leaves and strongly recurved panicle-branches). 



33. S. rugbsa Mill. Stem villous or villous-hirsute with long sordid hairs, 

 0.5-2 m. high ; leaves crowded, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, narrowed at base, 

 mostly sharp-serrate, pubescent (especially beneath), thin and loosely veiny, not 

 conspicuously rugose ; racemes spreading in a broad pyramidal panicle, all much 

 exceeding the subtending leaves; involucre 3-4 mm. long, its bracts linear; 

 rays 6-9; disk-flowers 4-7. {S. altissima of auth., not L.) — Damp thickets 

 and borders of fields, Nfd. to w. Ont., and southw. Aug., Sept. Var. sphag- 

 NOPHiLA Graves. Stems and leaves glabrous. — Wet shores and mossy swamps, 

 e. Mass. t© Ct. 



Var. villbsa (Pursh) Fernald. Panicle elongate, most of the racemes nearly 

 equaled or even exceeded by the large subtending leaves. — The common ex- 

 treme from Lab. and w. Nfd. to w. Que. and n. Me. 



X S. asperula Desf. Smooth below, somew^hat rough-pubescent above ; stem 

 stout, 7-14 dm. high, very leafy ; leaves thick and slightly veiny, lanceolate or 

 elliptic, scabrous or rarely glabroiLs, the lower 1-2 dm. long ; racemes, etc., 

 intermediate between those of nos. 21 and 33. — Dryish borders of salt marshes. 

 Me. to Ct.; apparently a hybrid of the preceding species and no. 21, more widely 

 distributed than most such plants of this genus. 



34. S. aspera Ait. Stem scabrous-puberulent or short-hispid; leaves ovate, 

 oblong, or ovate-lanceolate, rounded at base, appressed-serrate, very scabrous on 

 both surfaces, thick and strongly rugose ; inflorescence much as in no. 33, but 

 tlie elongate racemes mostly forming a more slender panicle. {S. rugosa Man. 

 ed. 6, in part.) —Dry woods and fields, rarely in meadows, e. Mass. and O. to 

 Fla. and Tex. Aug. -Oct. 



4H. -w Leaves more or less plainly S-ribbed, 2 of the lower veins becoming promi- 

 nent and elongated parallel with the midrib ; heads in 1-sided chiefly spread- 

 ing or recurved racemes, forming an ample panicle ; not maritime. 



= Branches of the panicle glabrous. 



35. S. missouriensis Nutt. Smooth throughout, 2.5-10 dm. high ; leaves firm 

 and rigid, linear-lanceolate, or the lower broadly lanceolate, tapering to both 

 ends, with very rough margins, commonly bearing axillary fascicles; teeth, 

 if any, sharp and rigid ; heads and dense crowded recurved racemes nearly as in 

 no. 25 ; involucre 3-5 mm long, its very unequal thickish straw-colored bract.'^ 



