C031PUS1TAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 



829 



9S5. X. spinosum. 



9S6. X. canadense. 







'y 



"v^ 



1. X. spixosuM L. Hoary-pubescent, armed at the axils 

 with triple spines ; stems slender ; leaves lanceolate or ovate- 

 lanceolate, short-petiolate, v:hite-dov:ny 

 beneath^ often 2-8-lobed or -cut ; fruit 

 about 1 cm. loni;. with a single short beak 

 or beakless. — Waste places. Me. to Ont., 

 we.stw. and southw. (Nat. from Trop. 

 Am.) Fig. U85. 

 2. X. canadense Mill. Leaves broadly ovate, cordate, 

 iLsually 3-lobed and simply or doubly dentate ; burs gla- 

 hr,tus or merely granular- or ghindidar-puherulent ; the 

 body fusiform-ellipsoid, 14-1,7 mm. long. 5-8 mm. in 



diameter ; the beaks usually 2, straight 

 or but slightly curved ; prickles scat- 

 tered, straight-lipped or hooked. (JT. 

 pensylvanicum Wallr. ? ; ^. pungens 

 Wallr. ; JT. glabratum Brition.) — Kich 

 soil, especiallv in moist places. Tig. 

 980. 



o. X. commune Britton. Similar in habit and foliage ; 

 beaks of the bur more or less strongly incurved, usually 

 hooked at the summit ; prickles numerous, crowded, S-'j mm. 

 long, hooked at the summit, haii^y as is the body. — Similar 

 situations. Fig. 987. 



4. X. speciosum Kearney. 

 Of the same habit, foliage, 

 etc. ; bur irith numerous 

 long (8-10 mm.) filiform 

 usually stramineous and very hairy prickles; 

 beaks moderately incurved and hooked. — Waste 

 places and low moist ground, Tenn. to N. Dak. 

 and Tex. ; also sparingly adventive on wool- 

 waste, etc., eastw. Fig. 988. 



5. X. inflexum Mackenzie & Bush. Habit, 

 foliage, etc., as in the three preceding species ; 

 bur large, the body 2 cm. long, 6-7 mm. thick, 

 ovoid-fusiform, merely gramdar-puberulent ; 



beaks 2, very strongly 

 incurved, ofit-n forming 

 a loop or arch over the 

 fruit ; prickles numerous 

 but less crowded than in 

 the preceding, firm in 

 texture, brownish, arcu- 



ate, hooked at the summit, granular-pubei-ulent. at least 

 toward the base. — Bottom lands, Courtney, ;Mo. (Bush). 



6. X. echinatum IMurr. Of the same habit, etc.; burs 

 plumper; the body thickish-ovoid, 15-22 mm. long. 8-12 

 mm. thick, for the most part densely' pubescent as aiv also 

 the numerous short rigid hooked prickles and stout falcate- 

 incurved beaks. (JT. canadense, var. Gray.) — Sea- 

 beaches, lake-shores, etc.. Me. to N. C. and westw. chiefly 

 along the Great Lakes to N. Dak. and Sask. Fig. 989. 



OST. X. commune. 





OSS. X. speciosum. 



989. X. echinatum. 



43. HELI6pSIS Pers. Ox-eye 



Heads many-flowered; rays 10 or more, fertile. Involucral bracts in 2 or 3 

 rows, nearly equal : tlie outer h'af-like and somewlmt spp'nding, the inner shorter 

 than the disk. Receptacle conical ; chaff linear. Acheiies smooth, thick, 4- 



