COMPOSITAE (composite FAMILY) 883 



adventive eastw. June, July. — The receptacle exhales a pleasant anisate odor 

 when bruised. 



2. L. columnaris (Sims) T. & G. Branching from base, 3-8 dm. high ; 

 leaflets 5-9, oblong to narrowly linear, entire or 2-3-cleft ; disk columnar, often 

 3 cm. long or more ; ray as long or shorter, yellow or (var. pulcherrima 

 T. & G.) in part or wholly brown-purple. (liatibida D. Don.) — Minn, to 

 Assina. and Tex. ; also established near Ottawa, Ont. (according to J. M. 

 Macoun). May, June. 



49. SPILANTHES Jacq. 



Heads small, many-flowered ; rays, when present, fertile. Involucral bracts 

 few, loose. Receptacle elongated, columnar; chaff conduplicate, enwrapping 

 the achenes. Ray-achenes 3-angied or obcompressed ; disk-achenes somewhat 

 compressed, with acute marghis continued into setiform awns, or the pappus 

 none. — Slender spreading or depressed herbs with opposite leaves and ovoid- 

 conical pedunculate heads. Rays yellow or white. (Name from a-viXos, a staiii^ 

 and Sivdo's, flower.) 



1. S. americana (^lutis) Hieronymus, var. repens (Walt.) A. H. Moore 

 Pubescent or glabrous, decumbent or loosely ascending ; leaves elliptic-ovate to 

 lanceolate, 2-9 cm. long, petioled, strongly but equally toothed ; peduncles 3-12 

 cm. long ; heads 9-16 mm. in length. {S. repens Michx.) — Low moist places, 

 Mo. to S, C, Fla., and Tex. 



50. BORRICHIA Adans. Sea Ox-eye 



Heads many-flowered ; rays fertile. Bracts of the hemispherical involucre 

 imbricated. Receptacle flat, covered with lanceolate rigid and persistent chaff. 

 Achenes somewhat wedge-shaped, 3— 4-angled ; pappus a short 4-toothed crown. 

 • — Shrubby low maritiuie plants, coriaceous or flesh}', with opposite nearly 

 entire leaves, and solitary peduncled terminal heads of yellow flowers ; anthers 

 blackish. (Named for Olof Boi'rich, a Danish botanist.) 



1. B. frutescens (L.) DC. Whitened with a minute silky pubescence, 0.2-1 

 m. high ; leaves obovate to spatulate-oblong or lanceolate, often toothed near 

 the base ; chaff rigidly pointed. — Salt-marshes, Va. , and south w. 



51. HELIANTHUS L. Sunflower 



Heads many-flowered ; rays several or many, neutral. Involucre imbricated, 

 herbaceous or f oliaceous. Receptacle flat or convex ; the persistent chaff embrac- 

 ing the 4-sided and laterally compressed smooth achenes, which are neither 

 winged nor margined. Pappus very deciduous, of 2 thin chaffy scales on the prin- 

 cipal angles, and sometimes 2 or more small intermediate scales. — Coarse and 

 stout herbs, with solitary or corymbed heads, and yellow rays ; flowering toward 

 autumn, (Named from TjXtos, the sun, and dpdos, a flower.) 



§ 1. Annuals; leaves mostly alternate, petioJate ; receptacle flat ; disk broicnish. 



1. H. annuus L. (Common S.) Tall, rough; leaves triple-ribbed, ovate or 

 the lower cordate, serrate ; involucral bracts broadly ovate to oblong, long- 

 pointed, ciliate ; disk usualhj 2.5 cm. broad or more. — Rich soil, Minn, to Tex., 

 and westw. ; long cultivated, and occasionally found in waste grounds eastw. 



2. H. petiolaris Nutt. More slender, 0.^3-2 m. high ; leaves oblong- or ovate- 

 lanceolate, smaller (2.5-8 cm. long), mostly entire ; bracts lanceolate or oblong- 

 lanceolate, seldom ciliate; disk about 1.5 cm. broad. — ]Minn. to Man., Tex., 

 and westw. ; occasionally in waste places, etc., eastw. 



§ 2. Perennials ; receptacle convex or at length low-conical ; lower leaves usually 



opposite. 



* Involucral bracts loose, becoming squarrose, narroioly lanceolate, pointed.^ 

 1-1.5 cm. long ; disk usually purple or brownish; leaves linear, l-7ierved. 



3. H. orgyalis DC. Stem glabrous, tall, very leafy ; leaves mostly alternate, 



gray's manual — 53 



