854 COMPOSITAE (composite family) 



7. S. discoldeus (Tlook.) Britton. Stems erect, 2-8 dm. high, striate; lower 

 leaves broadly ovate, 1.5-8 cm. long, 1-4.5 cm. broad, ronnded or obtuse at the 

 apex, creiiate to coarsely dentate, abruptly contrarted into a slightly winged 

 petiole equaling or exceeding the blade ; inflorescence subumbellate ; heads on 

 rather long peduncles, discoid; involucre sparingly calyculate ; bracts of the 

 involucre slightly shorter than the flowers of the disk, often purplish-tipped ; 

 achenes glabrous. — Calcareous ledges, or in damp thickets, e. Que., n. Mich., 

 northw. and vvestw. June-Aug. 



8. S. obovatus Muhl. Stem 3-G dm. hign, bearing flagelliform stolons at 

 base; lower leaves ohovate, 1-10 cm. long, two thirds as broad, gradually nar- 

 rowed into a narrowly winged petiole, crenate-dentate, glabrous on both sur- 

 faces ; upper stem-leaves pinnatifid, sessile ; inflorescence a corymbose cyme, 

 not infrequently umbellate ; heads radiate ; achenes glabrous. {8. aureus, var. 

 T. & G.) — Calcareous ledges and open woods, e. Mass. and s. Vt. to N. C, Ala,, 

 Ark., and Kan. Apr.-Aug. 



Var. rotundus Britton. Lower leaves more or less orbicular or rotund, other- 

 wise like the species. — On moist banks and rocks, centr. O., and south westw. 



Var. elongatus (Pursh) Britton. Habit and foliage of the typical form, but 

 with elongated peduncles and discoid heads. — Near Easton, Pa. May, June. 



9. S. aureus L. (Golden R. ) Stems erect from rather slender rootstocks, 

 3-8 dm. high, at first often lightly floccose-tomentose, soon glabrate ; lower 

 leaves long-petioled, ovate-rotund to slightly oblong, 1.5-8 cm. long, two thirds 

 as broad, crenate-dentate ; stem-leaves lyrate to laciniate-pinnatifid ; the upper- 

 most sessile, amplexicaul, often bract-like ; inflorescence cymose-corymbose ; 

 heads radiate ; raj^s yellow ; achenes glabrous. — In wet meadows, moist thick- 

 ets, and swamps, Nfd., s. to Va. , w. to Wise, Mo., and Ark. May-Aug. 



Var. gracilis (Pursh) Britton. Somewliat more slender, with lower stems, 

 smaller leaves, and fewer heads. — Pa. and Mich. May, June. 



10. S. Robbinsii Oakes. Stems strict, 5-8 dm. high; the first leaves small, 

 ovate-rotund to ovate oblong, 1-3 cm. long, from two thirds to nearly or quite 

 as broad, crenate-dentate to rather sharply toothed ; the later radical and lower 

 cauline leaves lanceolate to slightly oblong-lanceolate, 3-10 cm. long, 1.5-3 cm. 

 broad, sharply and somewhat unequally dentate-serrate; the uppermost leaves 

 much reduced; inflorescence cymose-corymbose; achenes pubescent. — In wet 

 meadows or swamps, N. B. and N. S. to n. N.Y. June, July. 



11. S. Balsamitae Muhl. Stems 1.5-3 d»i. high, slightly woolly or floccose- 

 tomentose at the base, nearly or quite glabrous above; lower leaves mostly ob- 

 long -oblanceolate (rarely oblong-elliptic), 1-5 cm. long, 0.5-1.5 (rarely 3) cm. 

 broad, gradually narrowed at the base into the petiole, crenate-dentate to rather 

 sharply dentate-serrate, often pubescent in the early stages and glabrate, or gla- 

 brous from the beginning ; petioles usually not much exceeding the blade ; the 

 upper leaves lyrate, pinnatifid, or nnich reduced and entire ; achenes glabrous 

 or pubescent. {S. aureus, var. T. & G.) — Gasp6 Co., Que., to Md., Tenn., 111., 

 and Mich., thence northwestw. essentially across the continent. May-Aug. — 

 A variable species. In shaded alluvium passing into forms essentially glabrous, 

 with more pronounced foliar development. Var. pauperculus (Michx.) Fer- 

 nald. Smaller, sometimes not over 3 cm. in height, and with the inflorescence 

 not infrequently reduced to a single head. — In cool or much exposed situations. 

 Me., and northw. July-Aug. 



Var. prael6ngus Greenman. Taller ; lower leaves long-petioled ; stem-leaves 

 rather large, often 1 dm. in length, 2 cm. in breadth, pinnatifid with remote 

 lateral lobes and dcfp rounded sinuses; achenes hirtellous-pubescent. — Kocky 

 woods and banks, Mass., Vt., and N. Y. June, July. 



Var. Crawf6rdii (Britton) Greenman. Lower leaves slender-petioled ; the 

 blade oblong-elliptic, 2-6 cm. long, 1-3 cm. broad, mostly rather sharply serrate- 

 dentate ; petioles 1.5 dm. or less in length; involucral bracts 7-8 mm. long. 

 (*S'. Crawfordii Brittfm.) — Near Philadelphia ( Crair/bnZ). May. 



12. S. SmAUii Britton. Stem tall, erect, 2.5-7 dm. high, simple to the in- 

 florescence, densely and persistently woolly at the base; loioer leaves lanceolate 

 or oblanceolate. 2.5 dm. or less in length, 1-2 cm. broad, crenate-dentate to 



