856 COM POSIT AE (composite family} 



lucre glabrous ; bracts straightish, lance- to linear-attenuate. (A. Lappa^ var. 

 majus Gray; A. majus Bernh.) — Roadsides and waste places, N. B., N. E., 

 and probably wesiw. (Nat. from Eu.) 



2. A. MINUS Bernh. (Common B.) Heads racemose or suhracemose^ 1.5-3 

 cm. broad; involucre glabrous or arachnoid; bracts shorter^ more slender and 

 more arcuate than in the preceding. {A. Lappa, var. Gray.) — Similar situa- 

 tions, too common throughout our range except on the northeastern borders 

 where largely replaced by the preceding. — Including A. Lappa, var. tomen- 

 tosum Gray, a form differing^ only in its more or less arachnoid involucre, and 

 apparently less marked or characteristic than the European A. tomentosum Mill. 

 (Nat. from Eu.) 



81. ECHINOPS L. Globe Thistle 



Heads 1 -flowered, many, aggregated in dense globular capitate clusters, the 

 common involucre of small reflexed bracts. Proper involucres cylindrical, of 

 several series of unequal imbricated spinescent paleaceous bracts ; corollas with 

 slender tube and cylindric 5-parted limb. Filaments glabrous. Achenes cylin- 

 drical or somewhat tetragonal ; pappus coroniform or of many short distinct or 

 connate subpaleaceous bristles. — Stately thistle-like herbs, with alternate spinose 

 pinnatifid or dentate leaves, and large globose terminal (compound) heads of 

 whitish or bluish flowers. (Name from ext^vos, hedgehog, and 6\pL^, appearance, 

 from the bristly nature of the armed foliage or perhaps of the spreading indi- 

 vidual heads in the dense spherical glomerules.) 



1. E. sPHAKRocEPHALus L. Tall, 1-2 m, high, grayish- or white-arachnoid 

 on the stem and lower surface of leaves. — Frequent in cultivation and not rare 

 as an escape upon waste-heaps, etc. (Introd. from Eu.) 



82. CARDUUS [Tourn.] L. Plumeless Thistle 



Bristles of the pappus naked (not plumose), merely rough or denticulate. — 

 Leaves conspicuously decurrent, spiny; wings of stem spiny. Otherwise as in 

 Cirsium. (The ancient Latin name.) 



* Heads large, nodding, solitary on long nearly naked peduncles ; involucre 



3-4 cm. in diameter. 



1. C. NtiTANsL. (Musk Thistle.) Biennial ; heads solitary, hemispherical, 

 3-5 cm. broad ; bracts lanceolate, the outer reflexed; flowers purple. — Fields 

 near Harrisburg, Pa. ; also pastures, waste places, and ballast, n. to N. B. and 

 Que. June-Oct. (Nat. from Eu.) 



* * Heads smaller, chiefly clustered at the ends of winged branches ; involucre 



1-2.5 cm. in diameter. 



2. C. ACAXTiioiDEs L. Aunual or biennial ; involucre hemispherical, 1.5-2.5 

 cm. broad; bracts linear, the outer someiohat herbaceous and spreading ; flowers 

 rose-purple ; corollas about 18 mm. long. — Waste places and ballast, N. S. to 

 N. J. June-Aug. (Adv. from Eu.) 



3. C. CKispus L. Annual or biennial ; heads mostly clustered and sessile or 

 nearly so; involucre ovoid, 1-1.3 cm. broad; bracts linear-attenuate, the outer 

 rather rigid, hardly spreading ; flowers purple or white ; corollas about 14 mm. 

 long. — Roadsides, Sydney, Cape Breton ; Philadelphia, Pa. ; and St. Louis, Mo. 

 Aug.-Sept. (Adv. from Eu.) 



83. CiRSIUM [Tourn.] Hill. Common or Plumed Thistle 



Heads many-flowered ; flowers all tubular, perfect and similar, rarely, imper- 

 fectly dioecious. Bracts of tlie ovoid or spherical involucre imbricated in many 

 rows, tipped with a point or prickle. Receptacle thickly clothed with soft 

 bristles or hairs. Achenes oblong, flattish, not ribbed ; pa]ii^us of numerou.'^ 

 bristles united into a ring at the base, plumose to the middle, deciduous. — 



