COMPOSITAE (composite FAMILY) 861 



7. C. NIGRA L. (Knapweed, Spanish Buttons.) Rather harsh somewhat 

 branched plants icith reduced leaves extending nearly or quite to the heads ^ 



involucre subglobose ; the appendages of the bnicts hirtellous, 

 blackish (rarely tawny) ; the outermost and middle ones lance- 

 deltoid and very deeply pectinate-ciliate ; the innermost ovate 

 or orbicular, paler and irregularly lacerate ; corollas rose- 

 purple^ all tubular. — Fields and roadsides, locally abundant, 

 Kfd. and Que. to N.J. July-Sept. (Nat. from Eu.) Fig. 1012. 

 ■ "^?''*'*- Var. RADiATA DC. Involucre tawny (rarely blackish) ; 



Involucre and bract ^^^^g,. ^^^^.g^.^ f^ig^iy radiate. — N. S. to Out. and Pa. (Nat. 

 ^ /2- fpom Eu.) 



8. C. americana Nutt. Tall and smoothish (0.5-1.5 m. high); stems con- 

 spicuously thickened below the showy heads; leaves oblong-lanceolate, mostly 

 entire; bracts all with conspicuously fringed scarious appendages, the outer- 

 most and middle with spreading, the elongate innermost with ascending, teeth; 

 corollas rose-purple to fiesh-pink, the outer conspicuously enlarged. — Plains, 

 Mo., southw. and southwestw. May-Aug. 



9. C. macul6sa Lam. Pubescent or glabrate, with ascending rather wiry 

 branches ; involucre ovoid-campanulate, in fruit becoming open-campanulate ; 

 the outer and middle ovate bracts ivith rather firm points, and with 5-7 pairs of 

 cilia at the dark tip ; innermost bracts elongate, entire or 

 lacerate ; corollas whitish, rose-pink, or purplish, the marginal *^MW^f^ 

 falsely radiate. — Waste places, roadsides, etc., N. E. to X. J. '^tjj^i^ 

 (Adv. from Eu.) 



10. C. vocHiNENSis Bernh. Harsh, somewhat resembling 

 no. 7; involucre of several very unequal series; the outer- 

 most bracts deltoid or ovate,' shcrrt, the dark pointed tip bear- ^^j^ ^j vochinensis 

 i7ig 5-7 pairs of long cilia ; middle bracts elongate-lanceolate, ijivoiud-e and bract 

 terminated by a dilated ovate or orbicular dark pectinate ^x, 

 appendage ; innermost bracts elongate, with dark or brightly ^' 

 colored arose or lacerate appendage ; corollas rose-purple, the marginal falsely 

 radiate. — Fields and roadsides, local, N. E. to Ont. (Nat. from Eu.) Fig. 

 1013. 



87. CNICUS L. Blessed Thistle 



Heads many-flowered ; flowers all tubular, the marginal sterile, shorter than 

 the others, which are perfect and fertile. Bracts of the ovoid involucre coria- 

 ceous, appressed, extended into a long and rigid spinous appendage. Recepta- 

 cle clothed with capillary bristles. Achenes terete, short, strongly manj^ -striate, 

 crowned with 10 short and homy teeth and bearing 10 elongated rigid bristles, 

 also 10 shorter alternating ones in an inner row. — Ah annual somewhat 

 pubescent herb, with scarcely pinnatifid-cut but spinescent leaves and large 

 leafy-bracted heads of yellow flowers. (Latin name of the Safflower, from the 

 Greek kvtjkos.) 



1. C. BENEDicTcs L. (Ccntauvea !>.) — Roadsides and waste places, rare, 

 N. B. and N. S. to Pa., and southw. (Adv. from Eu.) 



88. LApSANA L. Nipple-wort 



Heads 8-12-flowered. Bracts of the cylindrical involucre 8, erect; a short 

 outer series also present. Receptacle naked. Achenes oblong ; pappus none. — 

 Slender branching annuals, with angled or toothed leaves, and loosely panicled 

 small heads ; flowers yellow. (The Xa/xxf/dpri of Dioscorides was evidently a 

 wild Mustard.) Lampsana Ilill. 



1. L. communis L. Nearly smooth, 3-8 dm. high ; lower leaves ovate, some- 

 times lyre-shaped. — Roadsides and waste places. Que. to Pa., and Mich. (Nat. 

 from Eu.) 



