COMPOSITAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 863 



§ 3. CYNTHIA (D. Don) Gray. Involucre of the preceding section ; achenes 

 more slender; pappus of 10-15 small oblong scales and 15-20 bristles; 

 perennial. 



3. K. Dandelion (L.) Nutt. Boots slender, tuberiferous ; scapes leafless, 

 1.5-5 dm. high ; leaves varying from spatulate-oblong to linear-lanceolate, entire 

 or few-lobed. {Adopogon Ktze.) — Moist ground, Md. to Kan., and southw. 

 March-Jtdy. 



4. K. amplexicaiilis Nutt. (Cynthia.) Boots fibrous ; stem 1-6 dm. hidi : 

 stem-leaves 1-3, oblong or oval, clasping^ mostly entire ; the radical ones on 

 short winged petioles, often toothed, rarely pinnatifid ; peduncles 2-5. (Adopo- 

 gon virginicum Ktze.) — Moist banks, Mass. to Ont., Man., and southw. May- 



Aug. 



93. HYPOCHAERIS L. Cat's-ear 



Similar to Leontodon, but at least the inner achenes produced into long slen- 

 der beaks. Receptacle chaffy. — Old World and South American herbs, with 

 bracteate slightly branching scapes and yellow flowers. (A name used by 

 Theophrastus for this or a related genus.) 



1. H. RADiCATA L. Perennial; leaves hirsute; scapes 2-4 dm. high, stout; 

 heads 2.5-4 cm. broad; achenes all beaked. — Fields, waste places, and on bal- 

 last, Mass. to N. J. and Ont. (Morton). (Nat from Eu.) 



2. H. glIbra L. Slender, glabrous, with smaller heads ; outer achenes 

 truncate.— Si)3iTiug\y in grassland in Me. and 0.; naturalized in Cal. (Adv. 

 from Eu.) 



94. LE6nT0D0N L. Hawkbit 



Heads many-flowered. Involucre scarcely imbricated, but with several bract- 

 lets at the base. Achenes spindle-shaped, striate, all alike ; pappus persistent, 

 composed of plumose bristles which are enlarged and flattened toward the base, 

 with sometimes an outer paleaceous crown. Receptacle not chaffy. — Low and 

 stemless perennials, with toothed or pinnatifid basal leaves, and scapes bearing 

 one or more yellow heads. (Name from Xecov, a lion, and oSoiJs, a tooth, in 

 allusion to the toothed leaves.) 



* Scape simple or branching, scaly-bracteate above; heads before anthesis 



erect; papjms a single row of plumose bristles. 



1. L. autumxXlis L. (Fall Dandelion, "Arnica.") Leaves laciniate- 

 toothed or pinnatifid, somewhat pubescent ; scape commonly forking, 1-6 dm. 

 high ; peduncles thickened at summit, scaly-bracteate (rarelj^ leafy) ; involucre 

 glabrous or slightly pubescent ; tawny pappus a row of equal bristles. — Fields 

 and roadsides, Nfd. to w. Ont., Mich., and Pa. Late May-Nov. — A frequent 

 teratological or pathological form has greenish-yeUow heads without ligules. 

 (Nat. from Eu.) • 



Yar, PRATENSis (Link) Koch. L^'sually larger ; involucre and tips of pe- 

 duncles densely soft-pubescent with blackish hairs. — Often more abundant 

 than the typical form. (Nat. from Eu.) 



* * Scape simple and naked; heads before anthesis nodding ; pappus of two 



kinds. 



H- Pappus similar in all the flowers, the outer a few short setae, the inner a row 



of plumose bristles with dilated bases. 



2. L. HASTiLis L. Rather stout, glabrous throughout ; leaves oblong-lanceo- 

 late, dentate or pinnatifid ; scape 2-7 dm. high, thickened upward ; heads rather 

 large; involucre 11-14 mm. long, its smooth lanceolate bracts lead-colored. — 

 Fields, local, Ct. to O. (Adv. from Eu.) 



Yar. VULGARIS Koch. Leaves, scape, and involucre bristly-hispid. (L. 

 hispidus L.) — Fields and waste places, R. I. to Ont. and s. N. Y. (Adv. 

 from Eu.) 



