36 



DISSECTION OF THE DOG 



notched dorsally. The dorsal portion of the margin cannot be satisfactorily 

 examined at present. The ventral border, however, is readily examined, and 

 will be seen to be interrupted by deep incisions which divide the organ into lobes. 



Vesica fellea. — A detailed examination of the gall-bladder and its 

 associated ducts is more easily carried out after removal of the liver from the 

 body ; but at the present time certain features should be observed. 



The gall-bladder is a pear-shaped sac lying in a deep depression on the 

 caudal surface of the liver and generally in contact with the pyloric part of 

 the stomach. The broad fundus of the sac (fundus vesicae felleae) is close to 



£ octet gastrica 



Extrcmilas dorsal is^ 



liar go cra n 



Extremilas vcntraiis 



Facies diaphragmatica 



liS 



Fig. 11. — Outline of the spleen. 



the costal arch a short distance to the right of the median plane, and can 

 mostly be seen as soon as the abdomen is opened. From the narrow dorsal 

 end of the bladder springs a short cystic duct (ductus cysticus) which 

 communicates with the common bile-duct (ductus choledochus). The common 

 bile-duct should be traced to the duodenum. In order to reach the intestine it 

 has to run between the two peritoneal layers of the lesser omentum, where it is 

 closely related to the hepatic artery and the portal vein. Of the three struc- 

 tures the duct is to the right, the artery to the left, and the vein intermediate and 

 dorsal to the others. The three structures are immediately dorsal to the pylorus. 

 Lien. — The spleen is one of the ductless glands of the body. It is a solid 

 organ, deeply placed within the left side of the abdomen, extending from 

 the vertebral region to the costal arch. Generally its ventral extremity 



